芬蘭教細路識破AI假新聞秘技

Ai




芬蘭將人工智能識別能力納入學校課程 教導學生識破AI深偽技術

隨著網絡上深偽技術(deepfakes)日益猖獗,芬蘭教育體系將人工智能(AI)識讀能力納入課程,幫助最細三歲的學生識別AI製造的假新聞。

芬蘭對抗假新聞的戰爭從學前班開始。這個北歐國家數十年來一直將媒體素養教育融入全國課程,學生年齡由三歲起便學習分析各類媒體及辨別錯誤資訊。這套課程是芬蘭強大反誤導計劃的一部分,旨在增強民眾抵禦宣傳和虛假指控的能力,尤其面對與鄰國俄羅斯長達1,340公里的邊境上流傳的錯誤資訊。

近年來,隨著俄羅斯在入侵烏克蘭後加強在歐洲的虛假宣傳攻勢,芬蘭教師亦被要求將人工智能識讀納入教學內容。芬蘭於2023年加入北約後,更激起莫斯科不滿,雖然俄方多次否認干涉他國內政。

「我們認為良好的媒體素養是一項重要公民技能,對國家安全和民主安全至關重要。」赫爾辛基市教育專家Kiia Hakkala如是說。

人工智能識讀成為必備技能

位於赫爾辛基北部寧靜社區的Tapanila小學,四年級教師Ville Vanhanen教學生識破假新聞。當電視屏幕顯示「事實還是虛構?」的標語時,十歲學生Ilo Lindgren坦言:「有點難。」

Vanhanen表示,學生多年來一直學習假新聞和錯誤資訊的辨別,從閱讀標題和短文開始。最近的課堂中,學生需列出五項辨識可靠網絡新聞的要點,現在課程正逐步轉向人工智能識讀,這已成為一項重要技能。

「我們學習如何辨認圖片或影片是否由AI製作。」Vanhanen既是教師也是副校長。

芬蘭媒體亦積極參與,舉辦年度「報紙週」,向年輕人免費派發報紙及新聞。2024年,赫爾辛基的《赫爾辛基日報》與教育部合作,向全國每名15歲學生派發全新《媒體素養ABC書》,幫助他們在升讀高中時掌握媒體識讀能力。

該報總編輯Jussi Pullinen強調:「對我們來說,最重要是被視為一個能提供經過核實、可信、透明資訊的場所。」

假資訊挑戰民主根基

媒體素養自1990年代起已納入芬蘭教育課程,且為年長成年人提供額外課程,因他們更易受假資訊影響。

這種素養已深植芬蘭文化,令這個人口560萬的北歐國家多次位列歐洲媒體素養指數榜首。該指數由保加利亞索菲亞的開放社會研究所於2017至2023年間編制。

教育部長Anders Adlercreutz坦言:「我們沒料到世界會變成這樣——到處充斥假資訊,我們的機構和民主面臨前所未有的挑戰。」

隨著AI工具迅速發展,教育者和專家正努力教導學生及公眾辨別真偽。

歐洲混合威脅對策卓越中心(Helsinki)的混合影響總監Martha Turnbull表示:「在資訊領域要分辨真偽已經變得更難。現在AI製作的假內容還比較容易識別,因為質量尚未達到最高水平。」

她補充:「不過隨著技術發展,尤其是當我們進入具主動性的AI階段,辨識真偽將會更加困難。」

編輯評論:

芬蘭多年來堅持媒體素養教育,並將其擴展至人工智能識讀,為全球應對數碼時代的資訊挑戰提供了寶貴範例。這種由幼兒教育開始的全面培訓策略,不僅提升個人判斷力,更強化國家民主與安全防線。值得香港及其他地區借鑒,尤其在假新聞和AI偽造技術日益普及的今天,教育體系如何及早介入、持續更新課程內容,成為保護社會免受錯誤資訊侵害的關鍵。

此外,芬蘭媒體與教育部門的合作也展示了媒體機構在傳播可信資訊方面的責任感。這種多方協作模式是提高公眾媒體素養的有效途徑。相較於只倚賴技術或政策打擊假訊息,培養公眾尤其是年輕一代的識讀能力,更能在根本上提升社會抵抗力。

最後,芬蘭教育部長對未來AI帶來挑戰的警示提醒我們,隨著AI技術不斷進步,識別真假資訊的難度將持續加深。教育不應只停留在現有技術層面,更需前瞻性地預備學生面對未來更複雜的數碼環境。這種前瞻性思維和持續革新的教育策略,才是面對資訊時代動盪的最佳防線。

以上文章由GPT 所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由GEMINI根據內容自動生成。

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