以太坊終結區塊鏈三難困境!Vitalik親證




以太坊準備破解區塊鏈三難困境:Vitalik Buterin 表示

以太坊共同創辦人Vitalik Buterin表示,透過PeerDAS和ZK-EVMs技術,以太坊已經成功解決了加密世界中最棘手的問題之一——區塊鏈三難困境(scalability、security、decentralization三者難以兼顧的矛盾)。

Buterin於週六在X(前身為Twitter)發文,強調PeerDAS(點對點數據可用性抽樣)和零知識以太坊虛擬機(ZK-EVMs)這兩項升級,正使以太坊成為「一種全新且更強大的去中心化網絡」。他指出:

「現在,有了PeerDAS(預計2025年全面推行)和ZK-EVMs(預計2026年部分網絡開始使用),我們得到的是:去中心化、共識機制與高頻寬的完美結合。」他補充說:

> 「這個三難困境已經被解決——不是紙上談兵,而是透過實際運行的代碼,其中一半(數據可用性抽樣)已經在主網上運行,另一半(ZK-EVMs)目前已達到生產級性能,剩下的就是安全性問題。」

PeerDAS是去年12月Fusaka升級中引入的擴容技術,大幅提升以太坊處理數據的能力。ZK-EVMs則是兼容零知識證明和現有以太坊虛擬機的虛擬機技術,雖然目前仍處於「Alpha階段」,性能已達生產級,但仍需進一步加強安全性。Buterin預計未來四年內,ZK-EVMs將全面投入使用,屆時三難困境的解決願景將正式實現。

他進一步描述未來幾年的發展路線:

– 2026年:由於BALs和ePBS技術,氣體費用限制將大幅提升,並將出現首批可運行ZK-EVM節點的機會;
– 2026至2028年:將進行氣體費用重新定價、狀態結構調整、執行負載轉移至blob等多項改動,確保更高氣體限制的安全性;
– 2027至2030年:氣體費用限制將進一步大幅提升,ZK-EVM將成為網絡驗證區塊的主要方式。

Buterin提到,這十年來的努力終於讓以太坊達到能破解三難困境的水平。他回顧自己2017年4月首次提出解決數據可用性問題的文章,感慨這是一段漫長的旅程,但如今終於迎來成果。

區塊鏈三難困境指的是在去中心化、安全性和擴展性三者之間難以兼顧的問題。多數區塊鏈項目在初期只能優先兼顧其中一兩項,逐步尋求平衡。Buterin以比特幣為例,指出其設計目標是高度去中心化和安全,但在擴展性方面存在不足。

評論與分析

Buterin的這番言論無疑為以太坊生態系注入了強心針,尤其是在區塊鏈技術長期面臨的三難困境上提出了可行的解決方案。PeerDAS和ZK-EVMs的結合,不僅是技術上的突破,更代表了區塊鏈向實用化和大規模應用邁進的重要一步。

然而,從技術成熟度和安全性角度來看,ZK-EVMs仍處於初期階段,安全性問題尚未完全解決,這意味著未來幾年仍需大量測試和優化。Buterin提出四年時間表,這既是對技術進展的信心,也是對市場和用戶的承諾,但同時也留有不確定性。

此外,三難困境的「解決」並非意味著完全消除所有限制,而是找到一種平衡點,使三者能在不過度犧牲任何一方的情況下共存。這種平衡的維持需要持續的技術創新和社群協作。

對香港及全球加密社群而言,這代表以太坊未來將能支持更多高頻交易和複雜應用,推動去中心化金融(DeFi)、非同質化代幣(NFT)及其他區塊鏈應用的爆發式增長。投資者和開發者應密切關注這些技術的演進,抓住新一波的機遇。

總括而言,Buterin的宣言是對以太坊技術路線的肯定,也是一個激勵整個區塊鏈行業向前邁進的信號。未來幾年,隨著這些技術逐步落地,區塊鏈生態將迎來更高效、更安全、更去中心化的全新時代。

以上文章由GPT 所翻譯及撰寫。圖片由Gemini 根據內容自動生成。

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