特朗普施壓無效!美350藥價再度大幅上調

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A cinematic high-angle portrait of a young woman looking up at the camera, intense expressive eyes with sharp focus, natural freckles and soft skin texture, slightly messy brown hair adding realism and motion, wearing a simple white sleeveless top and casual denim shorts, minimal accessories, urban lifestyle vibe. Shot from an overhead perspective creating depth and vulnerability, shallow depth of field with softly blurred concrete background, dramatic soft lighting with subtle shadows, moody color grading, high contrast, ultra-realistic skin tones, professional fashion photography style, 85mm lens look, f/1.8, cinematic realism, editorial portrait, 8K detail, film grain, modern aesthetic, photorealistic.
攝影主題:暖陽下的清新隨興肖像
人物與神態: 一位擁有烏黑長髮的年輕女性,左手輕扶髮絲,髮絲隨風輕拂臉龐。她展現燦爛自信的笑容,露出潔白牙齒,眼神明亮,散發青春活力的感染力,動作俏皮可愛。
服裝細節: 
上衣: 米白色寬鬆針織毛衣,材質柔軟。右肩自然滑落(露肩設計),展現優美的鎖骨線條;短版剪裁露出平坦腹部與肚臍。
下裝: 復古洗色藍色牛仔褲,細節可見鈕扣與部分拉鍊。
配飾: 左肩背著米色帆布環保袋,袋面上印有「Made in Kowloon」等深色文藝感字樣。
場景與構圖: 戶外環境(如公園或林蔭道),背景呈現柔焦效果,可見模糊的綠意樹葉與遠處人影。主體居中,背景的虛化使人物極致突出。
光線與氛圍: 採用自然光攝影,陽光從右上方灑落,於頭髮、肩膀與衣物纖維上形成鮮明的光影對比。整體呈現溫暖的米、藍、綠色調,畫質達 4K 寫實等級,光影層次豐富,營造出輕鬆愉悅的高級攝影感
{
"intro": "Create an ultra realistic 8K UHD DSLR photo based on the attached image as a reference of facial features, maintaining 100% likeness.",

"subject": {
"identity": "A stylish beautiful woman portrayed as Cleopatra, the eternal Queen of Egypt, exuding power, seduction, and divine authority.",
"angle": "Full-body editorial portrait captured at a refined 3/4 angle, with both the subject and her throne positioned diagonally, rendered in ultra-crisp clarity with no blur.",
"pose": {
"body_position": "She is seated regally on a luxurious Egyptian throne angled slightly to the side, her torso and legs elegantly turned to match the diagonal composition, enhancing her curves and royal poise.",
"hands": "One arm rests gracefully along the angled armrest of the throne, while the other cradles a magnificent royal cat against her body.",
"expression": "She looks directly into the camera with a composed, intelligent, and seductive gaze—calm authority mixed with magnetic allure."
}
},

"appearance": {
"outfit": "An exceptionally bongga, sexy, and ultra-colorful Cleopatra couture gown designed as a high-fashion masterpiece. The gown features a sculpted corset bodice encrusted with multicolored gemstones—turquoise, lapis blue, emerald green, ruby red, amethyst violet, and molten gold—arranged in intricate Egyptian patterns. The fabric transitions into layered sheer silks in jewel tones that cascade dramatically, creating movement and depth. A daring thigh-high slit reveals her leg, while illusion panels and crystal embroidery contour her waist and hips. The gown shimmers with every hue, bold yet luxurious, sensual yet undeniably royal.",
"accessories": "A dramatic Egyptian crown with raised cobra centerpiece and iridescent gemstone inlays, oversized multi-layered gold collar necklace, engraved arm cuffs, crystal-encrusted finger rings, an ornate gold waist belt, anklets with delicate charms, and elegant flat Egyptian sandals.",
"hair": "Her hair is shoulder-length, sleek, and glossy with soft movement, modernized yet inspired by ancient Egyptian elegance, no bangs.",
"makeup": "High-impact, colorful Egyptian glam makeup—intensely elongated kohl eyeliner, bold eyeshadow blended in gold, turquoise, teal, emerald, and hints of violet, sculpted cheekbones with luminous gold highlight, flawless bronzed skin, defined brows, and rich nude-to-berry satin lips with a sensual glow."
},

"props": {
"animal": "A stunning, regal Egyptian cat of exceptional beauty, with sleek, glossy fur patterned in warm sand, charcoal, and soft gold tones. The cat has large almond-shaped eyes that glow amber-gold, finely sculpted features, and an elegant posture. It wears a delicate gold collar adorned with tiny gemstones and a miniature Bastet charm, symbolizing protection, divinity, and royal favor."
},

"background": {
"macro_environment": "A grand royal palace courtyard in ancient Egypt at golden hour, composed diagonally to echo the angled throne, with towering sandstone columns, carved relief walls, and distant pyramids beneath a richly colored desert sky.",
"midground_details": "Palm trees gently swaying, monumental statues of Bastet and other Egyptian deities, ceremonial fire torches, flowing silk banners in jewel tones, and distant palace attendants positioned subtly for scale.",
"micro_elements": "Ultra-sharp hieroglyph carvings, visible stone grain and chisel marks, fine desert sand particles, radiant gemstone reflections, metallic gold highlights, intricate embroidery threads, and realistic sun-cast shadows—every element sharply defined with zero blur."
},

"lighting": {
"type": "Cinematic natural golden-hour lighting enhanced with soft reflective fill light.",
"effect": "Warm sunlight amplifies the vivid colors of the gown and gemstones while sculpted shadows define her face, body, throne, and the cat, creating a dramatic yet luxurious editorial mood."
},

"camera": {
"camera_type": "DSLR",
"resolution": "8K UHD",
"lens": "50mm prime lens",
"aperture": "f/8 for maximum sharpness across subject and background",
"iso": 100,
"shutter_speed": "1/200s",
"focus": "Extreme sharp focus from foreground to background, no bokeh, no blur"
},

"style": "High-fashion editorial, cinematic realism, ultra-luxury Egyptian couture, vibrant jewel-toned palette, historical grandeur fused with modern sensuality, extremely detailed, sharp, powerful, and seductive"
}

獨家報道:儘管特朗普施壓,美國藥廠仍將350款藥物提價

根據醫療研究公司3 Axis Advisors獨家提供的數據顯示,即使特朗普政府持續施壓,美國藥廠仍計劃在2026年提高至少350款品牌藥物的售價,當中包括新冠疫苗、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)疫苗、帶狀皰疹疫苗,以及熱門癌症藥物Ibrance。這比去年同期超過250款藥物的提價計劃有所增加。今年的價格調升中位數約為4%,與2025年持平。

這些價格上調並未考慮藥房福利管理者(pharmacy benefit managers)及其他折扣的回扣。

藥廠亦有部分藥物降價

除了提價,藥廠亦計劃對約9款藥物進行調降價格,包括勃林格殷格翰(Boehringer Ingelheim)旗下糖尿病藥物Jardiance及相關三款藥物,降幅超過40%。Jardiance是美國政府在2026年與製藥商談判後,為65歲以上聯邦醫療保險(Medicare)患者獲得降價的10款藥物之一,價格被削減了三分之二。勃林格殷格翰與合作夥伴禮來(Eli Lilly)未有立即回應降價原因。

美國患者藥價居全球最高,特朗普施壓未見成效

美國患者目前為處方藥支付的費用遠超其他發達國家,常常是其三倍。特朗普政府曾多次施壓藥廠,要求將藥價降至與其他富裕國家相當水平。儘管特朗普已與14家藥廠就部分藥物價格達成協議,涵蓋政府的低收入群體醫療補助計劃(Medicaid)及現金支付患者,但這些藥廠仍計劃在2026年1月1日調高部分藥物價格,當中包括輝瑞(Pfizer)、賽諾菲(Sanofi)、勃林格殷格翰、諾華(Novartis)及葛蘭素史克(GSK)。

波士頓布萊根婦女醫院健康政策研究員Benjamin Rome博士評論指,這些協議被宣傳為「變革性」,但實際上只是在藥價高企的問題上略作修補。Rome認為,藥廠似乎在與醫療保險及藥品保險商秘密協商折扣的同時,最大化藥品標價,並為直接面向消費者的現金支付設定另一套價格。

美國衛生及公共服務部(HHS)發言人拒絕置評。

跟隨通脹調整藥價,輝瑞調升80款藥物價

輝瑞宣布將調高約80款藥物的標價,包括癌症藥Ibrance、偏頭痛藥Nurtec、新冠治療藥Paxlovid,以及醫院用的嗎啡和氫嗎啡酮。大部分調升幅度低於10%,新冠疫苗Comirnaty則調高15%,部分較便宜的醫院用藥則有超過四倍的價格跳升。輝瑞聲稱,2026年其創新藥物和疫苗的平均標價調升幅度低於整體通脹率,認為這些溫和調整是為了支持研發新藥及應對公司成本上升。

過去美國藥廠大幅加價較為常見,但近年因立法者批評及政府政策限制(例如對Medicare價格增幅超過通脹者處罰)而有所收斂。

歐洲藥廠葛蘭素史克計劃對約20款藥物及疫苗調價,幅度介乎2%至8.9%,強調致力於合理藥價,並認為加價有助支持科研創新。賽諾菲和諾華未有回應置評。

市場預期,1月初會有更多藥物價格調整,因為這是藥廠歷年最大規模調價的時段。

3 Axis Advisors是一家為藥劑師團體、健康計劃及部分製藥相關組織提供藥價及供應鏈顧問服務的公司,與非牟利藥價組織46brooklyn有關聯並共享人員。

評論與啟示

這篇報道揭示了美國藥品價格問題的複雜性與矛盾點。儘管特朗普政府大力施壓,並成功與部分藥廠達成價格協議,藥廠依然大規模調升藥價,顯示藥價控制措施的有限效果。這反映出藥廠在價格策略上運用複雜手法:一方面在政府及保險商面前談折扣,另一方面卻在標價上「抬高天花板」,尤其是對現金支付的消費者,形成一種價格雙軌制。

美國藥價遠高於其他發達國家,成為全球最昂貴的醫療市場之一,這對患者負擔及醫療公平性構成嚴重挑戰。藥廠以研發成本及通脹為由調價,固然有其合理性,但價格上漲幅度與創新投入是否成正比,值得深思。政府目前的調控政策如價格上漲不得超過通脹限制、Medicare價格談判等,似乎仍未能根本改變藥價飆升的態勢。

此外,藥廠對部分藥物降價,尤其是糖尿病藥Jardiance的大幅削價,顯示政策壓力與市場競爭仍能促使部分藥價回落,但這樣的例子仍屬少數。

對香港及其他地區來說,這提醒我們關注本地藥品價格政策的完善,避免重蹈美國高藥價的覆轍。藥價透明化、加強政府談判權限、以及推動藥品價格與實際研發及生產成本相符,都是值得借鑒的方向。從全球視野看,藥品價格問題不僅是經濟議題,更涉及公共衛生與社會公平,應成為政策制定者與醫療產業共同努力的重點。

以上文章由GPT 所翻譯及撰寫。