AI生成面孔難辨真假 連專家都易誤判!

Ai




人工智能生成的人像幾乎無法分辨真假,連「超級面孔識別者」都難以識破

當大家擔心人工智能(AI)未來帶來的大量「劣質仿製品」淹沒我們時,鮮有人留意另一個更棘手的問題:當AI生成的作品質量高到與真人無異,甚至難以分辨時,會帶來什麼後果?

一篇發表於《皇家學會開放科學》(Royal Society Open Science)的新研究揭示,目前AI生成的人臉靜態圖像已經幾乎無法與真實照片區分。更令人擔憂的是,即使是經過專門訓練去發現AI生成痕跡的「超級面孔識別者」,也難以準確辨認。

研究由英國團隊進行,分別招募了一組普通人作為對照組,與一組具備極高面孔辨識能力的「超級面孔識別者」作為實驗組,值得注意的是,這些超級識別者之前並未接受過辨認AI生成圖像的訓練。

結果令人驚訝:對照組在判斷照片真假時,正確率僅有30%,明顯低於隨機猜測;超級識別者的表現也不理想,僅達41%。這顯示即使是面孔識別專家,也難以準確辨別AI合成的臉孔。

![AI生成的人臉示例](https://i.extremetech.com/imagery/content-types/00nsNAbrSsITCNzGhabrGk1/images-1.fill.size_670x649.v1767031482.png)

圖片說明:實驗中使用的刺激圖像,分別為女性合成臉(a)、男性合成臉(b)、女性真實臉(c)和男性真實臉(d)。最底行(e)是訓練時展示給參與者的合成圖像,標示出渲染缺陷,例如髮型紋理不自然及牙齒數量錯誤。圖源:Katie L. H. Gray 等/雷丁大學

接著,研究者只給兩組參與者短短五分鐘的訓練,教導他們如何鑑別AI生成的圖像。訓練內容包括注意一些異常特徵:嘴巴中間多餘的牙齒、奇怪的髮際線形狀、不自然的皮膚質感等,並配合視覺範例,還有參與者對初次判斷的反饋,幫助他們調整判斷策略。

接受訓練後,兩組的判斷能力明顯提升。普通組從30%上升至約51%,超級識別者則躍升至64%。

不過,這也引發一個關鍵問題:如果沒有事先提醒他們要懷疑照片的真實性,這些人又能否察覺到AI偽造的臉孔呢?

另一個有趣發現是,參與者錯誤地認為真實照片是假的比例也不低,這暗示AI不但能成功冒充真實臉孔,更可能破壞我們彼此間的信任。

更嚴重的是,有研究指出AI生成的人臉反而比真實臉孔更容易讓人覺得可信,原因可能是合成臉更接近「平均臉」,而平均臉通常被視為更值得信賴。

當然,這只是靜態臉孔的問題,現時AI仍未能在動態人臉動畫上做到完全逼真,通常仍需從真實照片出發,並且動畫效果尚未達到令人信服的程度。

評論與啟示

這項研究揭示了AI技術在逼真模擬人類面孔方面已經達到一個令人擔憂的高度。面對這種「真假難辨」的局面,社會必須正視兩大挑戰:第一是技術層面的辨識能力,第二是信任機制的維繫。

傳統上,我們依賴人類的直覺和專業能力來判斷信息真假,但這研究顯示,即使是被譽為「超級識別者」的專家,在未經特別訓練下,都難以識破AI生成的臉孔。這反映出未來辨識真偽的難度將大大提升,對於媒體、執法及個人隱私保護等領域都提出挑戰。

更值得深思的是,AI合成臉孔因為更「平均」而被視為更可信,這暗示我們的信任判斷可能被無形中操控。這種「可信假象」可能成為假新聞、詐騙甚至政治操縱的新工具,社會必須提前建立起相應的監管和教育機制。

最後,雖然動態臉孔的AI生成尚未成熟,但技術進步迅速,未來幾年內這一瓶頸或將被突破。屆時,辨識真偽的難度將進一步加劇,屆時的社會信任危機可能更加嚴峻。

總括而言,我們正站在一個科技與信任交織的新十字路口,如何在享受AI帶來便利的同時,保持對真實世界的判斷力和信任度,是未來每個人、每個組織都必須面對的重要課題。

以上文章由GPT 所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由GEMINI根據內容自動生成。

🎨 Nano Banana Pro 圖像生成器|打幾句說話就出圖

想畫人像、產品圖、插畫?SSFuture 圖像生成器支援 Flux Gemini Nano Banana Pro 改圖 / 合成, 打廣東話都得,仲可以沿用上一張圖繼續微調。

🆓 Flux 模型即玩,不用登入
🤖 登入後解鎖 Gemini 改圖
📷 支援上載參考圖再生成
⚡ 每天免費額度任你玩
✨ 即刻玩 AI 畫圖
{
"intro": "Create an ultra realistic 8K UHD DSLR editorial fashion photo based on the attached image as a reference of facial features, maintaining 100% likeness.",

"subject": {
"identity": "A beautiful real human woman styled as a modern high-fashion Cleopatra queen, maintaining 100% likeness to the reference image.",
"angle": "Full-body portrait captured at eye level with ultra-sharp clarity and no blur.",
"pose": "She stands confidently with one hand gently touching a tall carved pharaoh statue — the kind commonly found in Egyptian palace entrances — while her other hand holds an ornate cobra staff.",
"expression": "Regal, intense, and empowered.",
"hair": "Shoulder-length dark brown hair, sleek, glossy, and styled with subtle volume.",
"makeup": "Full glam with bold editorial colorful eye makeup — vibrant turquoise, sapphire blue, violet, and gold blended in a dramatic high-fashion shape, winged liner, glowing highlighted skin, sculpted cheeks, and glossy nude-rose lips."
},

"wardrobe": {
"outfit": "A luxurious high-fashion Egyptian couture gown with a dramatic, sexy silhouette — fitted bodice, flowing structured panels, iridescent fabrics, and metallic serpent-inspired embellishments wrapping around her hips and waist. The gown is elegant, regal, and runway-level extravagant.",
"footwear": "Flat Egyptian-style sandals with gold straps and gemstone accents.",
"accessories": "Opulent Egyptian jewelry including a golden collar necklace, serpent arm cuffs, gemstone earrings, and stacked bracelets.",
"headpiece": "A stunning Egyptian queen crown or headpiece featuring intricate gold filigree, gemstones, and a central cobra motif.",
"prop": "A tall ceremonial cobra staff with sculpted scales, gemstone inlays, and a dramatic raised cobra head."
},

"background": {
"location": "In front of the exterior wall of an Egyptian palace.",
"environment": "Ancient sandstone walls decorated with deep carvings and hieroglyphics. Beside her stands a traditional Egyptian palace statue — a tall carved pharaoh figure — which she touches with her hand. Warm golden desert sunlight illuminates the scene.",
"atmosphere": "Powerful, cinematic, regal — blending ancient Egyptian grandeur with high-fashion editorial aesthetics. No blur effect, all textures crisp."
},

"camera": {
"lighting": "Dramatic editorial lighting using strong directional sunlight with soft diffused fill, highlighting the gown’s texture, gold accents, and facial features.",
"lens": "50mm or 85mm prime lens for hyper-detailed realism.",
"settings": "ISO 100, f/5.6, 1/250 sec for a perfectly clear full-body image.",
"quality": "8K ultra-realistic, HDR, vibrant color grading with warm desert tones and high-fashion contrast."
}
} Prompt:
Use my image in Ultra-realistic, hyper-detailed, 8K cinematic portrait of a young stylish man, using the uploaded image for exact face and hairstyle.
Outfit: An oversized red knit sweater with white hearts, exactly as described in the prompt.
Pose: A hyper-realistic close-up portrait with a messy, cropped framing showing only the boy holding the book. His left hand rests on the wooden table and covers part of his cheek, with a subtle smile on his lips. His other hand holds the book titled "Something I Never Told You" with the word "YOU" written in pink, exactly as
described in the prompt. Background: Not specified. Aesthetic cozy mirror selfie of a young man sitting casually on a chair, wearing a dark oversized hoodie and blue jeans, holding a professional camera in one hand, resting her face on the other hand with a soft dreamy smile. Warm beige indoor background with soft studio lighting, minimal modern interior. Cute cartoon-style doodles around her including a smiling sunflower character and hand-drawn yellow sun, playful white sketch lines around the camera. Handwritten romantic