聯航債務減免助力Fitch升級信用評級至BB+




聯合航空因減債獲惠譽評級提升至「BB+」

國際評級機構惠譽(Fitch Ratings)近日將聯合航空(United Airlines)的發行人違約評級(Issuer Default Rating, IDR)由「BB」上調至「BB+」,並維持穩定展望,主要原因是該航空公司在2025年成功推行多項策略並有效減少債務。

此次評級提升反映出聯合航空在市場地位及盈利表現上較同業更為強勁,同時已全數償還剩餘15.2億美元的忠誠度計劃相關債務。惠譽同時將聯合航空的無擔保債券評級由「BB」提升至「BB+」,並確認其高級有擔保債券評級為「BBB-」。

截至2025年第三季度,聯合航空的息稅折舊攤銷前盈利(EBITDAR)槓桿率已從2024年底的3.8倍改善至3.5倍。惠譽預計,隨著債務持續減少,未來一至兩年內槓桿率將進一步降至3倍甚至以下,若公司能實現盈利率擴張目標,評級還有上調空間。

此外,惠譽針對聯合航空的增強型設備信託證券(Enhanced Equipment Trust Certificates, EETCs)也作出多項調整,部分A類和B類證券獲得升級,其他則維持評級不變。這些升級主要受惠於聯合航空IDR的改善及部分證券貸款價值比(loan-to-value ratio)的提升。

惠譽預期聯合航空2025年將產生可觀的自由現金流,這得益於穩健的營運利潤及由於飛機交付延遲而減少的資本支出。不過,隨著飛機交付量在2026年增加,自由現金流料將趨向中性水平。

評級調升的同時,惠譽亦提醒聯合航空未來將面臨龐大的資本支出需求,用於機隊更新,這可能限制自由現金流的增長,並在未有穩健盈利率的情況下,延緩債務的進一步還款。

目前,聯合航空的流動性保持高位,其淨槓桿指標與評級較高的達美航空(Delta Air Lines)相當。公司目標是將調整後的淨槓桿率從2024年底的2.3倍降至2倍以下。

惠譽表示,若聯合航空能夠達成盈利率擴張目標並在面對大量資本支出時持續產生自由現金流,未來一年內有望進一步調升評級。

評論與啟示

聯合航空此次獲惠譽評級提升,顯示其財務策略及經營狀況已有明顯改善,尤其是在債務管理方面取得重大進展。對航空業而言,債務水平的控制與資本支出管理是維持長期競爭力的關鍵。聯合航空能夠在市場競爭激烈和疫情後復甦期中,成功減債並提升盈利能力,反映其管理層具備較強的策略執行力。

然而,未來挑戰依然存在。龐大的機隊更新資本支出可能會限制現金流,若盈利率未能如預期增長,可能會影響其財務靈活性。這提醒投資者及業內人士,航空業的資本密集特性及外部風險(如燃油價格波動、宏觀經濟變動)仍是不可忽視的因素。

從更宏觀角度看,聯合航空的例子也反映出航空公司在後疫情時代如何透過財務重整與策略調整來適應新常態,這對全球航空業的復甦與未來發展具有啟發意義。未來,投資者應密切關注航空公司在擴大營收、提升效率與控制債務三方面的表現,以判斷其能否持續穩健成長。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

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