德州議員齊反特朗普限AI州法命令

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德州兩黨議員聯手反對特朗普針對州人工智能法的行政命令

美國總統唐納德·特朗普簽署的一項行政命令,可能令德州與聯邦政府在人工智能(AI)監管方面發生衝突。該命令警告,若各州通過的AI法規被聯邦政府視為「苛刻過度」,將有可能被切斷聯邦寬頻資金支持。

德州是全國最全面嘗試規管AI的州之一,通過聯邦寬頻計劃獲撥款高達33億美元用於擴展州內寬頻網絡。面對特朗普的行政命令,一批由共和黨和民主黨議員組成的兩黨團隊正積極捍衛這項將於明年1月1日生效的州法,認為不受監管的AI產業會對兒童和消費者構成嚴重風險。

共和黨德州參議員安吉拉·帕克斯頓(Angela Paxton)表示:「所有德州利益相關者都希望德州成為AI領導者,我亦不例外。但我絕不希望德州成為AI生成兒童色情的領頭羊。」身為前教師的她,親眼見證互聯網興起期間對師生及家長帶來的挑戰,加上近年有報告指出AI技術被用來製造兒童色情和鼓勵自殺的聊天機械人,促使她呼籲對AI技術在德州的合理監管。

帕克斯頓帶領16名州參議員(包括8名共和黨人和7名民主黨人)於去年11月致信美國參議員特德·克魯茲(Ted Cruz)及約翰·科爾寧(John Cornyn),敦促兩人支持德州AI法,反對任何聯邦限制州級AI監管的行動。信中指出:「若實施AI暫停令,我們在防止兒童色情、保護數據私隱、防止歧視及追究大型科技公司責任等重要工作將失效。我們都應該同意,這些州級保護措施非但不妨礙合法創新,反而合理適當。」

休斯頓民主黨參議員兼黨團主席卡羅爾·阿爾瓦拉多(Carol Alvarado)則反駁行政命令可凌駕州法的觀點,強調只有國會有權這樣做。她說:「我們對需要做的事情更有把握。剛經歷政府關門,我對華盛頓能否推動保護選民的措施沒甚信心。」

德州法禁止政府機構使用AI系統為個人打「社會分數」,禁止企業設計激發自殘、暴力或犯罪行為的AI工具,亦限制利用AI限制政治內容接觸或侵犯言論自由及結社自由。

雖然科爾寧曾對聯邦干預州AI監管表示擔憂,但克魯茲在特朗普簽署行政命令時站在其身旁,強烈支持暫停令,認為各州紛亂的AI法規將阻礙技術發展。他在白宮簽署儀式上說:「這是一場競賽,勝出國家的價值觀將影響整個AI。我們不想中國共產黨的監控與集權價值觀主導AI,而是要美國的言論自由、個人自由和尊重個體的價值觀。」

特朗普的行政命令對涉及「兒童安全保護」的州法作出例外,但執行細節仍不明朗。帕克斯頓及其他反對者擔心,該令會在全國立法機構中造成寒蟬效應,阻礙各州嘗試監管AI,即使有例外條款亦難免。

德州法已成功禁止技術濫用,並允許企業創新。德州非牟利組織「安全AI聯盟」(Alliance for Secure AI)行政總裁布蘭登·斯坦豪澤(Brendan Steinhauser)稱,德州法是對AI「踩剎車」的積極且必要步驟。他指美國國會在爭議議題上經常陷入僵局,認為州政府更有能力針對快速發展的技術制定監管政策。

斯坦豪澤說:「共和黨和民主黨幾乎難以達成共識,但我們在德州做到了。我認為當地社區有權發聲……如果我們不設防護措施、監管框架、問責和透明度地急速推進,可能會落入大型科技公司操控國家的局面,我們將無法發聲。」

帕克斯頓認同克魯茲和特朗普支持AI創新的目標,但對國會至今未能達成全國性監管框架表示「困惑」。她說:「這是我們都應該共同努力的課題,但現實是國會行動困難。在此期間,我不認為應限制州政府處理這些問題……我認為在明知存在風險時採取謹慎措施是完全合理的。」

評論與啟示

這篇報道揭示了美國在AI監管政策上因聯邦與州政府權力分配而產生的激烈矛盾,亦反映出兩黨在技術監管上的罕見合作。德州作為全國AI監管的先驅,試圖在推動創新與保障民眾安全間取得平衡,卻面臨聯邦層面以資金威脅施壓的挑戰。這種聯邦與州之間的摩擦,凸顯美國政治體制中權力分散的複雜性,也反映了科技發展速度遠超政策制定的現實。

此外,支持限制AI生成兒童色情和防止AI促使自殺的法規,顯示出社會對AI倫理與風險的高度關注。德州議員強調「地方自治」的重要性,認為州政府更貼近民眾需求,能更靈活應對技術帶來的新問題,這為香港及其他地區的AI監管提供了借鑒:如何在全球科技浪潮中,既促進創新又保障公眾利益,是一個需要多層次協調與合作的長期課題。

最後,德州法案的通過及兩黨議員的合作,展示了在高度政治分裂的環境下,針對具體且迫切的社會問題,仍有可能找到共識與行動方案。這種務實態度值得各地政策制定者深思,尤其在面對AI這種跨界、跨領域的新興技術時,更需要開放包容、協調合作的治理思維。

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Prompt (Enhanced, Artistic & Detailed):

A young Asian female inspired by "Imada Mio's" delicate doll-like aesthetic (精緻洋娃娃臉), featuring extraordinarily large, round, and soulful eyes with subtle brown irises, framed by long fluttering lashes. Her face is petite and exquisitely shaped with a defined V-line jaw, soft rosy cheeks flushed with youthful vitality, and plush, natural lips softly parted in a gentle, innocent yet slightly flirtatious expression. Her complexion is luminous and porcelain-smooth.

Her hair is long, dark chocolate brown, and styled in an artfully messy “just woke up” look (剛睡醒的凌亂感), with tousled waves and a touch of natural volume that frames her face and cascades down her shoulders, effortlessly blending wildness and charm.

She wears an oversized, semi-sheer white button-down shirt in a borrowed-from-the-boyfriend style (男友風白襯衫); the shirt slips loosely off her slim shoulders, unbuttoned at the top to reveal graceful collarbones and a hint of décolleté. The hem of the shirt falls mid-thigh, creating a tasteful "bottomless" look (下衣失蹤風格), her bare legs just visible beneath the diaphanous fabric, enhancing a pure yet subtly sexy visual impact.

The image is rendered with a high-key, natural daylight aesthetic reminiscent of Japanese gravure photobooks (寫真集風格): bright, airy lighting softly illuminates her features, casting gentle highlights and diffuse shadows for a dreamy, ethereal effect. Skin is rendered creamy and velvety with impeccable smoothness. The color palette echoes Fujifilm PRO 400H—soft, milky tones with delicate pastels, gentle greens, natural skin, and a nostalgic film grain that adds warmth and authenticity, evoking an elegant, fresh, and intimate atmosphere.

She is posed naturally, perhaps seated on light bed linens or by a sunlit window, exuding a blend of youthful innocence, pure allure, and quiet confidence. Hyper-detailed, cinematic composition, fine-tuned for photorealism yet with a subtle artistic charm. Generate an ultra-realistic, highly ultra-detailed, 8k resolution with 1080x1080 pixel portrait of me using the uploaded image for reference (preserved the likeness and the original face for reference) of a striking, high-resolution portrait of a young woman with long, flowing wavy brunette hair, seated gracefully on a simple black wooden chair in a dimly lit studio. She wears an oversized, off-white knitted sweater that drapes loosely over her frame, slipping off one shoulder to reveal smooth skin and add a subtle touch of sensuality. Her pose is elegant and contemplative: one arm rests gently on the chair’s backrest while her hand delicately supports her chin, and her gaze is directed thoughtfully toward the side, creating an intimate and introspective mood. The lighting is expertly crafted with a single soft, directional light source positioned to the side, casting gentle shadows that sculpt her form and highlight the texture of the knitwear and the natural contours of her legs and arms. This chiaroscuro effect enhances the depth and dimensionality of the image, emphasizing the softness of her skin and the intricate weave of the sweater. The background is a smooth, muted dark gray, providing a minimalist and distraction-free backdrop that contrasts beautifully with her light-colored apparel and warm skin tones. *** The composition is a full-body vertical frame that captures the model’s seated posture with perfect balance, positioning her slightly off-center to create visual interest and harmony. The overall color palette is subdued and warm, featuring neutral tones that evoke a sense of calm and understated elegance. The image is impeccably sharp, showcasing fine details such as the delicate waves of her hair, the subtle folds in the fabric, and the natural texture of her skin. The style is classic and timeless, blending modern minimalism with emotive portraiture to convey quiet strength, beauty, and introspection.

➖Additional details:
- Negative Prompt: cartoon, 3d render, cgi,a low poly, painting, drawing, sketch, anime, deformed, bad anatomy, mutated hands, extra limbs, low quality, blurry, artifacts, plastic skin, out of frame, out of focus, wrong spelling, rumble letters, missing letter, blurry letter, blurry face, lowres, pixelated, jpeg artifacts, repeated face and repeated word. A low-angle, wide-lens street shot in a bustling cityscape (similar to Shibuya, Tokyo). A young woman crouches confidently beside a modified, glossy purple sports car with a Japanese license plate. She wears a black graphic tee, cargo pants, white sneakers, and silver jewelry. The background features tall glass skyscrapers, colorful billboards, neon signage, and warm late-afternoon lighting. Strong perspective distortion emphasizes the height of the buildings and the car’s aggressive stance. The mood is stylish, bold, and modern, capturing urban automotive culture with a cinematic, hyper-real aesthetic. High detail, high contrast, crisp reflections, editorial fashion vibe, dynamic street energy.