英國AI取代初級職位 青年失業急升警號

Ai




英格蘭銀行行長警告人工智能或引發自工業革命以來最大規模職位流失,英國青年失業率飆升

英格蘭銀行行長安德魯·貝利(Andrew Bailey)近日警告,人工智能(AI)可能會引發自工業革命以來前所未見的勞動力替代規模。此警告正值英國就業市場顯示出新的壓力跡象之際。

貝利指出,人工智能快速普及於經濟各個範疇,「很可能」會帶來與過往技術革命相似的影響。他說:「正如工業革命所見,長遠來看,我們可以回顧發現它沒有引發大規模失業,但確實取代了部分工作崗位,這點非常重要。」他推測,人工智能亦很可能帶來類似的效應。

在接受BBC Radio 4訪問時,貝利表示具備人工智能相關技能的勞動者將更容易找到工作,但年輕且缺乏經驗的求職者可能會被自動化取代,尤其是企業傾向自動完成基層工作。他說:「我們必須思考,這對人才培養管道帶來什麼影響?是否改變了它?」

人工智能衝擊基層職位

這番警告與官方數據顯示英國勞動市場動力減弱同時出現。根據國家統計局(ONS)數據,至10月底的三個月內失業率上升至5.1%,年輕勞動者受影響最深。18至24歲失業人數增加了85,000人,為2022年底以來最大增幅。

招聘業者指出,僱主多年來已逐漸採取謹慎態度。招聘與就業聯盟(Recruitment and Employment Confederation)數據顯示,2024年永久職位招聘降至536,000個,較前一年超過80萬大幅下滑,反映企業延後長期招聘決策。

部分企業將原因歸咎於最低工資上調及稅務壓力,但更直接的說法是:人工智能正在取代基層員工的工作。法律、會計、金融和行政等入門職位被視為風險最高的領域。

普華永道(PwC)全球主席穆罕默德·坎德(Mohamed Kande)最近亦承認此變化,表示公司仍要招聘,但「人數不會像以前那麼多」。

銀行及專業服務業對此焦慮尤為強烈,因為生成式AI工具發展迅速。OpenAI上周推出新版本ChatGPT,聲稱能超越人類專家,完成通常由初級投資銀行分析師負責的任務。

據《City AM》早前報道,AI有可能取代英國銀行業約10%的職位,約27,000個工作崗位,銀行業預計到2030年將在生成式AI投資達18億英鎊。

仍是經濟增長引擎

儘管面臨風險,貝利明確表示英格蘭銀行視人工智能為推動經濟增長的重要動力。他形容AI是「英國生產力下一波增長的最有可能來源」。

不過,他也提醒歷史教訓顯示,技術突破轉化為實際效益需要時間。「其速度如何,仍是未知數。歷史告訴我們,這需要時間。」

貝利透露,英格蘭銀行本身已開始嘗試應用人工智能,但仍處於試驗階段,尚未全面部署。

與此同時,英國政府宣佈投入數十億英鎊,企圖將英國打造為人工智能樞紐,創造數以千計新職位,押注被取代的勞動者能快速接受再培訓,跟上變革步伐。

評論與深入分析

貝利的警告既是對技術進步的認可,也是對社會結構變動的警醒。工業革命雖未引發大規模失業,但確實改寫了勞動力市場的面貌,促使社會必須適應新型工作形態。如今AI的普及有可能重演這一歷史,但速度更快、範圍更廣,挑戰也更複雜。

特別值得關注的是年輕求職者的處境。基層工作一向是青年進入職場的踏腳石,培養經驗和技能。AI取代這些職位,可能會造成「人才斷層」,削弱未來勞動力的質量和數量。政府和企業如何設計有效的再培訓和職業轉型計劃,將成為關鍵。

此外,AI在金融及專業服務業的應用,雖提升效率和生產力,卻也帶來倫理和監管問題。如何平衡技術創新與就業保障,防止社會不平等加劇,將考驗政策制定者的智慧。

最後,貝利提及技術收益需要時間才能體現,提醒我們不應對AI抱有過度樂觀的即時期望。政策制定和企業決策必須謹慎,既要擁抱創新,也要保障勞動者權益,促進包容性增長。

總括而言,AI既是經濟發展的新引擎,也是結構性變革的催化劑。香港及全球面臨的挑戰類似:如何在推動科技進步的同時,避免社會撕裂,實現共融共贏。這需要政府、企業、教育機構和社會各界的協同合作,打造面向未來的勞動市場生態。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由FLUX根據內容自動生成。

🎨 Nano Banana Pro 圖像生成器|打幾句說話就出圖

想畫人像、產品圖、插畫?SSFuture 圖像生成器支援 Flux Gemini Nano Banana Pro 改圖 / 合成, 打廣東話都得,仲可以沿用上一張圖繼續微調。

🆓 Flux 模型即玩,不用登入
🤖 登入後解鎖 Gemini 改圖
📷 支援上載參考圖再生成
⚡ 每天免費額度任你玩
✨ 即刻玩 AI 畫圖
add lotso and hamm Ultra-realistic, vibrant aerial adventure photograph captures a joyful man (same face as reference image, 100% accuracy) paragliding high above a breathtaking tropical coastline. He is seated comfortably in his black and orange harness, legs dangling freely, facing the camera with a wide, excited smile, teeth showing, conveying pure exhilaration. He sports dark brown hair and a light beard,wearing a bright red t-shirt emblazoned with 'style' in bold white text within a blackCteate a Ultra-realistic, vibrant aerial adventure photograph in 9:16 ratio captures a joyful man (same face as reference image, 100% accuracy) paragliding high above a breathtaking tropical coastline. He is seated comfortably in his black and orange harness, legs dangling freely, facing the camera with a wide, excited smile, teeth showing, conveying pure exhilaration. He sports dark brown hair and a light beard,wearing a bright red t-shirt emblazoned with 'style' in bold white text within a blackrectangle, layered beneath an open blue and black plaid long-sleeved shirt. His attire includes grey cargo shorts, white socks, and distinctive red, white, and black high-top sneakers. In his left hand, he holds a black selfie stick, while his right grasps the paragliding control lines. The stunning backdrop features crystal-clear turquoise and deep blue ocean revealing intricate coral reefs and gentle breaking waves near a pristine white sandy beach. A charming coastal town with numerouswhite buildings is nestled against lush, emerald-green, tree-covered hills, which ascend to distant, hazy mountains under a softly clouded sky. Another yellow paraglider gracefully soars in the distance, and a long concrete pier extends into the tranquil water. The scene is illuminated by bright, diffused natural light, creating an exhilarating, free-spirited, and idyllic tropical mood, with a color palette dominated by vivid turquoises, deep blues, and verdant greens, beautifully contrastedby the crisp whites of the beach and town, and the bold reds of his clothing and footwear. Certainly! Here’s an enhanced, detailed, and artistic prompt tailored for an AI image generator:

---

Create a highly detailed, artistic portrait of a young East Asian woman embodying a “Imada Mio-inspired” doll-like aesthetic (精緻洋娃娃臉). She has large, sparkling round eyes full of warmth and expression, a delicate V-shaped face with soft contours, and subtly flushed, rosy cheeks. Her lips are naturally plump and softly tinted, and her facial expression combines innocence, playful energy, and a touch of flirtatiousness.

Her hair is long, dark brown, and appears tousled as if she has just awakened—soft, voluminous, and gently messy (剛睡醒的凌亂感). Stray strands fall around her delicate face and shoulders, capturing the texture and natural flow of freshly mussed morning hair.

She is dressed in an oversized, translucent white men’s button-down shirt (男友風白襯衫), with the top buttons casually undone to reveal delicate collarbones and a hint of bare skin beneath, evoking a sensual yet pure “bottomless” (下衣失蹤風格) look. The shirt drapes gracefully, with natural folds and slight translucency, enhancing the softness and allure of the scene.

The overall mood is inspired by elegant Japanese Gravure photobook aesthetics (寫真集風格), radiating a Pure & Sexy charm. Use soft, luminous, high-key natural lighting to bathe her in a gentle glow, imparting a creamy, flawless, and porcelain-like skin texture. Emulate the timeless Fujifilm PRO 400H film tones with pastel coloration, subtle pinks and blues, and a carefully balanced color palette, giving the image a dreamy and refined photographic quality. The composition should feel intimate and inviting, expertly capturing both innocence and understated seduction, with fine attention to detail and artistry.