2025全球保險災損飆破1070億美元




報告顯示2025年全球保險災害損失料達1070億美元

根據瑞士再保險公司(Swiss Re)研究所於2025年12月16日公布的報告,全球因自然災害所造成的保險賠償損失,預計在2025年將達到1070億美元。當中,美國因洛杉磯山火及嚴重對流風暴影響,成為受災最嚴重的市場,佔全球保險賠償損失的83%。

報告指出,2025年已是連續第六年,全球自然災害保險損失超過1000億美元,這使得保險業必須加強承保標準、調升保費,並重新審視風險評估模型。瑞士再保險集團首席經濟學家Jérôme Jean Haegeli表示,保險及再保險業不僅是金融風險的緩衝器,更應支持制定更具韌性和風險意識的公共政策及私人投資,以減少未來損失。

雖然1070億美元的數字已非常龐大,但仍低於瑞士再保險原先預測的1500億美元。2025年上半年全球保險災害損失約為800億美元。

美國災害損失持續攀升

報告特別提及2025年初肆虐南加州的Palisades山火,燒毀超過23,000英畝土地,造成大量房屋及商業設施損毀,並迫使數千人疏散。此山火以400億美元的保險賠償損失,成為全球歷史上成本最高的山火事件。

氣候變化帶來的風險日益加劇,促使保險公司逐步退出美國高風險地區,擴大了保險覆蓋的缺口,令弱勢社區面臨更大財務壓力。瑞士再保險美國財產及意外險部門行政總裁Monica Ningen強調,2025年的災害損失已成為新常態,必須加倍投資於社區韌性及適應能力,讓社區更能應對未來災害。

對流風暴損失創新高,颶風損失則偏低

2025年因嚴重對流風暴造成的保險損失達到500億美元,是歷史上第三高,僅次於2023年及2024年,顯示這類災害損失呈多年度上升趨勢。

相反,颶風損失則偏低,因為2025年雖然颶風季活躍,但沒有任何颶風直接登陸美國海岸,為近十年首次,這也使得保險損失低於瑞士再保險季前的預期。

評論與啟示

這份報告清楚反映出全球氣候變遷對保險行業帶來的巨大挑戰,也凸顯美國作為受災重災區的現實。連續六年保險災害損失超過千億美元,已經不再是偶發事件,而是逐漸成為常態,這對保險業的風險管理提出嚴峻考驗。

保險公司面對不斷攀升的災害索賠,必須重新調整承保策略與定價,這勢必加重消費者及企業的保費負擔,尤其是高風險地區的居民和企業可能面臨更大保障缺口,社會公平問題日益突顯。此外,保險業也應該積極參與公共政策制定,推動社區防災設施升級及氣候適應計劃,從源頭減少未來損失。

值得注意的是,雖然颶風損失暫時下降,但對流風暴及山火損失上升,顯示氣候災害的多樣化和不可預測性。這提醒監管機構和保險業者,不能只依賴傳統風險模型,而需整合更多氣候科學成果,發展更靈活且前瞻性的風險管理工具。

對香港及其他地區而言,這份報告亦是一個警醒。氣候變遷帶來的極端天氣事件可能隨時加劇,從防災、保險保障到城市規劃,都需提前部署,提升整體社會的韌性,減少未來風險。作為媒體,我們應持續關注這類議題,促進公眾和決策者對氣候風險的認知與應對。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

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