特朗普解禁Nvidia AI晶片出口中國波瀾再起

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特朗普決定允許Nvidia向中國出售先進AI晶片,引發激烈辯論

本週,美國前總統特朗普宣布,將允許美國晶片製造商Nvidia向中國出售其先進的H200人工智能晶片。他形容此舉是推翻拜登政府「阻礙創新、傷害美國工人」的失敗政策,宣稱「那個時代已經結束」。

這個決定的首要意義,是Nvidia及其在政府內的盟友戰勝了華盛頓內部主張對中國採取強硬限制的「鷹派」勢力。這些鷹派一直推動禁止中國獲取發展最先進AI模型所需的晶片。(不過,Nvidia更尖端的B200晶片仍然未被允許出口。)

其次,若這真的是一個時代的終結,這個時代其實始於特朗普的第一任期。卡內基國際和平基金會的高級研究員Steven Feldstein指出,「最早將美國政策轉向晶片出口管制的正是特朗普。」2019年,特朗普以中國科技巨頭中興和華為與中國政府及軍方有關聯為由,禁止向他們供應美國原產的零件,正式開啟這一政策時代。

Feldstein認為,正是這些措施促使中國領導人開始認真思考如何擺脫對美國控制的晶片供應鏈瓶頸的依賴。

編輯評論:

特朗普此舉表面上是打破拜登政府對中國科技出口的限制,但背後反映出美國政府內部對如何應對中國科技崛起的複雜矛盾。Nvidia作為全球最有價值的科技公司之一,其商業利益與國家安全考量產生明顯衝突。特朗普放寬限制,或許是反映出企業影響力在政策制定中的增強,以及對美國保持技術領先地位的多重考量。

然而,這也揭示了美國對中國科技發展的戰略困境:一方面要防止技術外流,保障國家安全;另一方面又需推動創新與經濟發展。晶片出口政策的頻繁變動,或令兩國科技競爭更為激烈且難以預測。

對香港及全球觀眾而言,這件事提醒我們,科技進步和國際政治緊密交織,市場動態與地緣政治政策相互影響。未來AI和半導體技術的發展,不僅是技術問題,更是國際戰略博弈的核心。香港作為國際金融與科技樞紐,應密切關注此類政策變化,審慎評估對本地產業及國際合作的影響。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由FLUX根據內容自動生成。

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