以太坊可承受暫時性最終性損失




Vitalik Buterin表示以太坊可以承受臨時的最終性損失

以太坊的共同創辦人Vitalik Buterin淡化了最近以太坊遭遇最終性損失的事件,他表示如果錯誤的區塊沒有被最終確認,臨時的延遲是可以接受的,而專家們大多數也同意這一觀點。

Buterin在一篇X的帖子中提到,最近Prysm以太坊客戶端出現的錯誤並未對區塊鏈的確認機制造成嚴重影響。他指出:“偶爾失去最終性是沒有問題的。”他補充說,最終性表示網絡“非常確定”某個區塊不會被撤回。

Buterin認為,如果由於重大錯誤而導致最終性偶爾延遲數小時,“這是可以的”,在這種情況下區塊鏈仍然可以正常運行。他強調,真正需要避免的問題是“最終確認錯誤的內容”。

專家對最終性損失的看法

牛津大學計算機科學博士、區塊鏈研究公司20squares的合夥人以及以太坊協議專家Fabrizio Romano Genovese也同意Buterin的觀點。他表示,當最終性丟失時,以太坊變得更像比特幣,並指出比特幣自2009年以來就沒有最終性,卻沒有人抱怨。

作為一種工作量證明的區塊鏈,比特幣可以分叉成多條鏈,通常接受工作量最多的那一條(通常是最長的)作為有效鏈。然而,如果某個次要分支的增長足以超過主分支,則會使主分支及其包含的交易無效,這被稱為重組。

Genovese解釋了以太坊的運作方式,指出以太坊有一個最終性機制:當一個區塊獲得超過66%的驗證者投票時,它就會被“確認”。在這一點上,如果超過兩個時期(64個區塊)過去,該區塊就會被最終確認。

他還提到,這不僅僅是理論上的問題;在2023年5月,類似於最近Prysm客戶端事件的情況確實發生過。Genovese表示,這些事件並不會使鏈不安全,而是“只是意味著我們對重組的保證暫時回到了概率性而非確定性”。

對L2和橋接的影響

不過,Genovese指出,缺乏最終性會影響依賴於它的基礎設施,包括一些跨區塊鏈或第二層(L2)橋接。

來自以太坊側鏈Polygon的一位代表告訴Cointelegraph,Polygon將繼續正常運作,但從以太坊到側鏈的轉移“可能會因等待最終性而延遲”。此外,Polygon的發言人表示,跨鏈結算層AggLayer將在再次達成最終性之前延遲從以太坊到L2的交易。他們強調,“沒有任何情況會因為最終性損失而導致用戶經歷回滾或消息無效化”。

Genovese將此類延遲的責任推給需要最終性的開發者。他總結道:“如果橋接建設者決定不實施任何後備機制以應對最終性損失,那是他們的選擇。”

這一事件引發了對以太坊及其生態系統的深思,尤其是在當前區塊鏈技術快速發展的背景下。最終性問題的討論不僅關乎技術的穩定性,更涉及到用戶信任和生態系統的長期發展。隨著越來越多的應用依賴於這些基礎設施,如何平衡技術創新與系統安全將成為未來的重要課題。

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