特朗普放行Nvidia芯片賣中國引安全憂慮




特朗普批准Nvidia向中國出售芯片 引發美國安全憂慮

美國前總統特朗普近日宣布,批准Nvidia向中國出口其第二先進的人工智能芯片H200,並將對這類銷售徵收25%關稅,同時也批准AMD及Intel向中國銷售類似芯片。此舉立刻引發美國國內強硬派及民主黨議員的強烈批評,擔心北京會利用這些技術大幅提升軍事能力。

特朗普在社交媒體上表示,此舉是為了拓展美國企業的海外市場,並應對中國對稀土等重要原材料的出口限制。然而,前陸軍副部長布拉德·卡森直言:「當中國開始用基於美國芯片的AI技術強化軍隊時,世界將會後悔這個決定。」民主黨參議員羅恩·懷登也批評特朗普再次被中國「洗劫」,認為此舉會令美國安全大打折扣。

這次政策轉變與特朗普首任期內對中國科技嚴厲限制形成鮮明對比。當時他以防止中國竊取美國知識產權及軍民融合為由,嚴控中國企業獲取美國先進技術。如今,白宮人工智能專員大衛·薩克斯則認為,允許銷售高端AI芯片給中國,有助於阻止華為等中國企業追趕Nvidia和AMD的先進技術,避免中國在未來五年內形成自主強大的AI芯片產業。

然而,前國土安全及國家安全局官員斯圖爾特·貝克認為這是「妄想」,他指出中國必定會全力發展本土芯片產業,最終目標是使Nvidia破產,並令美國對中國AI技術產生依賴。中國駐美大使館發言人劉鵬宇則呼籲美國採取具體行動,維護全球供應鏈穩定。

部分中國軍事專家如詹姆斯·穆爾文認為,儘管此次放寬限制,但中國政府已明確表示長遠目標是不依賴西方技術,因此這些短期利益可能只是過渡性的。

整體而言,這一政策調整反映出美中科技競爭的新階段,美國在保持技術領先與擴大出口市場之間正面臨艱難抉擇。特朗普政府此舉既是商業考量的體現,也暴露出對國家安全風險的不同評估,這在美國內部引發激烈辯論。

評論與啟示

特朗普批准向中國出售高階AI芯片,表面看似放寬出口限制以促進美國企業利益,但實際上卻揭示了美中科技競爭的複雜性與矛盾。從安全角度看,這一決定或將助長中國軍事能力的提升,從而改變全球戰略平衡,這是美國國內反對聲音的核心所在。

然而,從市場和產業競爭角度出發,限制中國獲取先進技術是否能真正阻止其技術進步?中國長遠自主研發的決心強烈,短期限制可能只是延緩其進步,無法根本改變趨勢。美國內部專家的「妄想論」正反映了這種現實的無奈。

此外,這次政策轉向也反映出特朗普政府在中美科技戰中尋求更靈活的策略,希望以經濟利益換取在關鍵領域的博弈空間。但此舉同時凸顯美國在國家安全與經濟利益之間的矛盾,未來如何平衡將成為政策制定的重大挑戰。

綜合來看,這一事件提醒我們,科技出口管制不僅是技術問題,更是國際政治與戰略博弈的縮影。對香港及全球市場而言,需密切關注中美科技政策的變動,因為這將深刻影響全球科技供應鏈、安全格局及產業發展方向。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

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