卡車司機因CBD失業,最高法院聽審案件




美國最高法院審理因大麻基CBD未通過藥檢被解僱的卡車司機案件

華盛頓(路透社)——美國最高法院周二審理了一宗案件,涉及一名紐約州男子,他因服用大麻二酚(CBD)而未通過藥檢,被解僱其商業卡車司機職位。該男子稱,他所服用的CBD被虛假宣傳為不含大麻中的精神活性成分。

法官們聽取了由Medical Marijuana Inc.領導的上訴,該公司針對下級法院允許原告道格拉斯·霍恩根據《有組織犯罪控制法》(RICO)提起民事訴訟的決定提出上訴。這部1970年的聯邦法律旨在打擊有組織犯罪及其經濟影響。

該法律的民事條款允許成功訴訟的原告獲得三倍賠償,前提是原告因被告的某些行為而在其業務或財產上受到損害。

霍恩因在一次卡車事故中受傷,於2012年購買了一種名為Dixie X的CBD酊劑,該產品被宣傳為不含四氫大麻酚(THC)的天然止痛劑。THC是大麻中的精神活性成分,會引起“嗨”的感覺。

在他雇主進行的隨機藥檢中,檢測出霍恩體內含有THC,結果他被解僱了已經從事十多年的卡車司機工作。霍恩表示他並不是大麻使用者。

一些法官對公司的論點表示認同,認為霍恩的失業損失並不是國會在制定RICO法時所要保護的商業損失類型。

保守派法官布雷特·卡瓦諾對於讓原告僅僅通過將某些人身傷害描述為業務或財產損害來提起民事RICO訴訟表示擔憂。

“這將是對全美各地侵權訴訟的一次戲劇性、真正激進的轉變,”卡瓦諾對霍恩的律師艾莎·安南德說,指的是侵權法,即人身傷害法。

“我們希望能夠從國會那裡得到更明確的指示,”卡瓦諾補充道。

代表Medical Marijuana的律師麗莎·布拉特辯稱,允許霍恩的訴訟繼續進行,將打開原告將人身傷害投訴變成聯邦案件的大門,而這些投訴更適合在州法律下解決。

“絕對不可能國會將每一起涉及RICO犯罪的滑倒和跌倒事件聯邦化,”布拉特說,指的是RICO犯罪,如挪用公款、勒索或郵件欺詐。

但一些法官提出的問題表明,他們可能傾向於讓霍恩的民事RICO訴訟繼續進行。

“如果你因為失去工作而受到傷害,那麼你在你的業務中受到了傷害,不是嗎?”自由派法官艾琳娜·卡根問布拉特。

“我想說的是,對這一法定語言的最簡單、最清晰的解讀是,它並沒有區分造成傷害的原因,”卡根補充說。“它只是說,如果你因某種方式在業務或財產上受到傷害,而這種傷害是由於(敲詐活動)造成的,那麼你有權獲得三倍於你本應得到的賠償。”

霍恩和他的妻子辛迪於2015年在紐約州聯邦法院提起訴訟,尋求金錢賠償,聲稱Medical Marijuana及其相關公司違反了RICO的規定。霍恩在實驗室對該酊劑進行了獨立檢測,證實該產品含有THC。

根據訴訟,這些公司的“敲詐活動模式”——包括違反聯邦《管制物質法》以及郵件欺詐和電信欺詐——對霍恩造成了業務或財產損害,導致他被解僱。

一名聯邦初審法官駁回了霍恩的民事RICO索賠。紐約的第二巡迴上訴法院推翻了法官的決定,導致Medical Marijuana向最高法院提出上訴。

法官們預計將在6月底前對此案作出裁決。

編輯評論:

這宗案件不僅涉及到法律對於CBD產品的規範和監管,還涉及到對《有組織犯罪控制法》(RICO)的適用範圍的討論。從法庭辯論中可以看出,這一案件可能會對未來類似案件的法律判決產生深遠影響。

首先,這反映了CBD產品市場的混亂和監管的缺失。消費者在購買此類產品時,往往依賴於產品的標籤和廣告,但實際上這些標籤和廣告可能並不準確,甚至存在誤導性。這不僅對消費者的健康和安全構成威脅,還可能對他們的職業生涯產生重大影響。

其次,這宗案件挑戰了RICO法的適用範圍。RICO法原本是為了打擊有組織犯罪而設立的,但隨著案件的發展,這一法律是否應該適用於像霍恩這樣的個人受到的商業損失,成為了爭論的焦點。如果最高法院最終裁定支持霍恩,這將可能引發更多類似的訴訟,擴大RICO法的適用範圍。

最後,這也反映了美國法律體系中的權衡和博弈。保守派法官擔心這會導致大量的聯邦訴訟,而自由派法官則認為應該根據法律的字面意思來保護受害者的權利。這種平衡和博弈是法律體系中的常態,但在這個案件中,結果可能會對未來的法律實踐產生深遠影響。

總而言之,這宗案件不僅僅是一起個人訴訟,更是一場關於法律適用範圍和消費者權益保護的重大討論。我們將繼續關注此案的進展,並期待最高法院的最終裁決。

以上文章由特價GPT API根據網上資料所翻譯及撰寫,過程中沒有任何人類參與 🙂

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