英國央行推穩定幣規範諮詢,2026年定案




英國央行啟動穩定幣諮詢,最終規則將於2026年出台

英國中央銀行正在推進穩定幣的監管,並發布了一份諮詢文件,提出針對這類資產的監管框架,目標是在2026年下半年最終確定規則。

英國銀行(BoE)於週一發布了針對英鎊計價的「系統性穩定幣」的監管制度草案,這些穩定幣被認為在支付中廣泛使用,因此可能對英國金融穩定構成風險。

根據該提案,央行要求穩定幣發行者至少用未獲利的存款支持其40%的負債,同時允許最多60%以短期英國政府債務支持。

該諮詢文件希望在2026年2月10日之前收集對提案的反饋,BoE計劃在該年下半年最終確定相關規定。

持有限制、支持和監管

根據提案,央行建議對個別穩定幣的持有量設置上限,限制為20,000英鎊(約26,300美元),同時對零售企業可免除10,000英鎊(約13,200美元)的限制。

BoE表示:「我們建議發行者對個人每枚穩定幣的持有量設置20,000英鎊的上限,對企業則設為1000萬英鎊。」此外,如果企業在正常運營中需要更高的餘額,可以申請豁免。

關於穩定幣的支持,BoE建議被認為系統性重要的發行者可以在擴展時將其支持資產的95%持有於英國政府債券中。

哪些穩定幣屬於系統性?

BoE的提案專門針對系統性英鎊掛鉤的穩定幣,這些穩定幣在零售、企業和跨境支付中可能被廣泛使用。

BoE指出,英國財政部會決定哪些穩定幣支付系統和服務提供商被認為是系統性的重要。一旦被指定,這些系統將受到提案制度和BoE的監管。

該框架明確不針對非英鎊穩定幣,如Tether的USDT或Circle的USDC。

BoE表示:「對於非英鎊計價的系統性穩定幣,我們認為第一步是與穩定幣發行者的本國監管機構進行接觸……我們也在考慮對可能在英國達到系統性使用水平的非英鎊穩定幣的應對措施。」

BoE擔心自我保管、公眾賬本等問題

此外,BoE表示將持續監控與提案監管制度相關的多個方面,包括使用未托管或自我保管的錢包、公共無許可區塊鏈的普及及穩定幣持有的利息支付問題。

BoE指出:「我們認為公共無許可賬本目前並未提供明確的責任歸屬,可能會導致操作韌性和結算最終性方面的風險增加。」

關於自我保管錢包,BoE表示這可能會影響在發行者失敗時及時執行支付的能力,並使持有限制的執行變得複雜。

BoE表示將繼續監控與未托管錢包相關的風險,包括它們在英國支付環境中以系統性規模使用的潛在適用性。

這一提案顯示出英國央行在穩定幣監管方面的積極態度,尤其是在全球對數字貨幣的關注日益增長的背景下。隨著穩定幣的使用日益普及,如何平衡創新與風險管理將成為未來監管的關鍵挑戰。這不僅是英國的問題,也是全球各國央行需要共同面對的課題。

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