土耳其加密交易所CEO自殺:2億美元詐騙案影響法律改革




Thodex CEO被發現死於監獄:這宗20億美元的加密詐騙如何改變了土耳其法律

前加密貨幣交易所Thodex的首席執行官法魯克·法提赫·厄澤(Faruk Fatih Özer)於11月1日在其監獄牢房被發現死亡。他因涉及一宗20億美元的退出詐騙而被判入獄,刑期長達11,000年。

他的死標誌著Thodex事件的最新進展,這一事件的影響深遠,甚至改變了土耳其的加密貨幣法律。

初步調查顯示厄澤的死因可能是自殺,但調查仍在進行中。這一事件再次將Thodex推回了輿論的焦點。

以下是對厄澤故事的回顧,以及這家加密貨幣交易所如何影響土耳其法律,並可能促進該國對加密貨幣的接受度。

20億美元的Thodex詐騙:突襲、逮捕及CEO逃亡

2021年4月21日,Thodex加密貨幣交易所突然停止交易和提款。最初的公告表示這一情況將持續四到五天。據《Cointelegraph Turkey》報導,交易所聲稱這是為了改善其運營,並得到“世界知名銀行和資金公司的幫助”。

但當地媒體報導稱,厄澤已經逃往泰國,帶走了超過20億美元的資金,這是一宗退出詐騙。還有報導提到警方已經突襲了位於伊斯坦布爾的交易所辦公室。

伊斯坦布爾首席檢察官辦公室次日確認了這些報導,並宣布對Thodex展開調查,警方逮捕了62名涉嫌參與詐騙的人。厄澤則否認了這些指控,聲稱他的出國之行是為了會見外國投資者。

截至2021年4月30日,土耳其法院決定將六名嫌疑人,包括失踪CEO的家人和公司高層,拘留待審。國際刑警也對厄澤發出了紅色通緝令。

土耳其內政部長蘇萊曼·索伊盧表示:“當他被紅色通緝令捕獲時,我們與大部分這些國家有引渡協議。願上帝保佑他能被捕並被送回。”

厄澤成功逃避了逮捕超過一年,最終於2022年8月30日在阿爾巴尼亞被捕。他試圖在法庭上上訴以阻止引渡,但該決定被維持,厄澤於2023年4月30日回到土耳其監禁,距離事件爆發已經兩年。

厄澤的案件迅速進展

厄澤在2023年7月被判處七個月十五天的監禁,原因是未能提交稅務檢查局要求的文件。2023年9月8日,安納托利亞第九高等刑事法院判處厄澤及其兩名兄弟共11,196年10個月15天的監禁,並處以500萬美元的罰款。

在法庭上,厄澤聲稱自己和家人面臨虛假指控。他表示:“我足夠聰明,可以管理世界上所有的機構。這從我22歲創辦的公司中可見一斑。如果我想建立一個犯罪組織,我不會這麼幼稚地行事……顯然,檔案中的嫌疑人已經成為受害者超過兩年。”

厄澤在Tekirdağ No. 1 F型高安全閉鎖監獄服刑,該類監獄專為政治犯、組織犯罪集團成員及其他服無期徒刑的武裝團體設置。人權倡導者對F型監獄的條件表示擔憂,2007年大赦國際曾指出其“嚴厲和任意”的紀律處分以及孤立情況。

土耳其為保護投資者而修改法律

Thodex醜聞及其後果影響深遠,促使土耳其政府改變了對加密貨幣的政策。

在厄澤逃亡的消息傳出後,土耳其中央銀行禁止加密支付,並禁止支付提供商為加密交易所提供法幣進入渠道。官方通知禁止“任何直接或間接使用加密資產於支付服務和電子貨幣發行。”值得注意的是,該禁令不包括銀行,這意味著用戶仍然可以通過銀行轉賬將里拉存入加密交易所賬戶。

該禁令旨在確保金融穩定,而其他機構如資本市場委員會(CMB)和金融犯罪調查局(MASAK)則開始合法化交易活動。2021年5月,MASAK修訂了反洗錢和反恐融資法,將加密貨幣納入規範。

到2024年,《資本市場法修正案》生效,這一法案在2021年初步變更的基礎上,增加了廣泛的消費者保護措施,以及許可和報告的條款。

這些新措施旨在使土耳其擺脫金融行動特別工作組(FATF)的“灰色名單”,並促進當地的加密產業。Chainalysis的《2025年加密地理報告》發現,土耳其在中東和北非地區的加密資產接收價值方面位居首位,去年交易活動也急劇上升。

從長遠來看,Thodex醜聞可能促進了該國對加密貨幣的接受度,但這一過程伴隨著對土耳其加密產業的巨大衝擊,讓許多投資者陷入困境,並導致其策劃者和CEO的入獄及死亡。

這一事件不僅是對土耳其加密貨幣市場的一次重創,也為全球加密行業的監管提供了深刻的教訓,顯示出在快速發展的科技背後,缺乏監管的風險與挑戰。

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