量子科技會否超越人工智能?未來科技大戰揭秘

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量子科技會否超越人工智能?

科技記者有句老話:你可以準確解釋量子物理,或者用大眾易明的方式解釋量子,但兩者同時做到卻很難。原因是量子力學本身就十分複雜且帶有理論色彩,涉及微小粒子以奇怪的方式運作,這種異常行為開啟了全新科學力量的可能性。

量子科技的高深莫測,可能是它未能像現時科技界的焦點——人工智能(AI)般成為「巨星」的原因之一。儘管近年微軟、谷歌等科技巨頭不斷發布重大量子相關消息,量子科技仍主要被視為硬件領域的發展,例如量子感應器和量子電腦,而AI則偏重軟件層面,需依靠硬件運行。

將量子與AI結合,或許未來能誕生一種比現有科技更強大的技術,但正如研究機構Forresters新興科技副總裁Brian Hopkins所言,這仍是一個「可能」,因為目前的實驗雖有希望,但需要更強大的量子電腦和創新研究,才能有效應用量子效應於AI。

根據市場研究機構麥肯錫,量子產業在2025年估值可達970億美元,而AI的市場價值則預計達數萬億美元。不過兩者都面對過度炒作和泡沫風險。Hopkins笑言,量子計算曾是最被炒作的技術,直到AI熱潮興起。近期分析師警告部分量子股票可能下跌62%,而AI泡沫的聲音也越來越大。

量子和AI還有一個共通點——錯誤。現時生成式AI工具的「幻覺」現象已廣為人知,但量子計算面對的是另一種錯誤,因為量子粒子所需的運作狀態極為脆弱,任何光線或噪音的微小變化都能造成干擾。維持這種環境極為困難,甚至特斯拉創辦人Elon Musk建議量子電腦最佳運作地點是月球永恆陰影的隕石坑。

量子電腦形態與傳統電腦截然不同,沒有固定設計藍圖,目前多數體積龐大,存在實驗室中,外型有如水母。它們需要極低溫和激光技術,絕非家用或隨身裝置。研究人員發現利用合成鑽石製造量子比特(量子電腦的基本單位)可令設備更接近室溫運作,豪華珠寶品牌De Beers旗下的Element 6公司於2020年推出全球首款量子級鑽石,並與亞馬遜雲服務合作優化未來量子機網絡。

目前全球約有200台量子電腦(中國未公開數量),但專家對其潛力充滿期望。量子公司Quantinuum CEO Rajeeb Hazra認為,量子計算的應用規模與AI不相上下甚至更大。英國量子專家Sir Peter Knight指,量子電腦能在幾秒內完成超級電腦需用宇宙年齡才能計算的問題。

未來量子科技可能在醫療領域帶來革命。量子電腦能迅速計算無數分子組合,助研新藥,縮短目前需多年時間的研發流程。2024年12月,谷歌推出量子晶片Willow,聲稱5分鐘可解決當前最快超級電腦需用10千兆年才能完成的問題。Hazra表示,這將推動個人化用藥,根據個人體質定制最有效藥物。

量子技術還可改進化學製程,如更高效生產化肥,對全球農業有巨大助益。量子感應器已應用於原子鐘,2019年諾丁漢大學利用該技術製造出大小如自行車頭盔的裝置,成功進行無創兒童腦部掃描,有助研究認知發展。

2023年,倫敦帝國學院試驗一種「量子指南針」作為GPS替代方案,用於地鐵系統。GPS在地下無法使用,而量子導航能精確追蹤地面及地下物體位置,具備抗干擾能力。英國國家量子計算中心主任Michael Cuthbert指,英國經濟每日依賴GPS達10億英鎊,量子時鐘和陀螺儀能防止導航系統遭干擾。

英國國家電網也投資量子研究,探索如何在需求波動時最大限度調配發電資源,避免停電。空中巴士與英國量子企業IonQ合作,試驗量子算法優化飛機貨物裝載,節省因重心偏移而增加的燃料消耗。

不過,量子科技同時帶來安全隱憂。現有加密技術將來可能被量子電腦以極速破解,令個人及國家機密曝光。各國正蒐集加密數據,等待量子技術成熟後解密。英國薩里大學網絡安全專家Alan Woodward稱此為「先收集,後解密」。他強調需立刻推行抗量子加密技術。這一時刻被稱為「Q日」,預計約於2030年前後到來。

蘋果及加密訊息平台Signal已推出抗量子加密密鑰,但無法追溯現有數據。前英國情報局GCHQ密碼設計主管Daniel Shiu透露,中國國家支持的網絡攻擊已致大量英國公民數據被盜,並被保存等待量子解密。

編輯評論:量子科技與AI的未來競賽與融合

量子科技與人工智能這兩大前沿領域正處於科技變革的風口浪尖,兩者既互為競爭對手,又有極大融合潛能。本文清晰描繪出量子科技的複雜性和發展挑戰,尤其是其對硬件環境的極高要求,與AI軟件的靈活性形成鮮明對比。這種差異在短期內限制了量子科技的普及,但同時也促使科研人員探索創新材料和結構,例如合成鑽石量子比特,為未來實用化鋪路。

量子計算解決超大規模組合問題的能力,對醫藥研發、化學製程、精密導航和能源管理等領域都具革命性意義。這不僅是科技的突破,更可能引發產業和經濟的深刻變革。然而,隨著技術進步,安全風險也隨之升高,特別是對現有加密體系的威脅,提醒我們在科技發展的同時必須同步強化資訊安全和政策制定。

值得注意的是,量子科技和AI的真正價值,或許不在於單獨的技術突破,而在於兩者如何結合,發展出全新型態的智能系統。這種系統能夠克服現有AI在計算能力上的瓶頸,實現更複雜、更高效的數據處理和決策支持。未來的科技競賽,不僅是硬件與軟件的對決,更是跨學科融合和創新的較量。

香港作為亞洲科技重鎮,應密切關注量子科技的最新進展,積極培養相關人才和技術研發能力,並在政策層面做好前瞻部署。只有這樣,才能在全球科技競爭中搶佔先機,推動本地產業升級,打造真正的智慧未來。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由FLUX根據內容自動生成。

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Prompt:
Use my image in Ultra-realistic, hyper-detailed, 8K cinematic portrait of a young stylish man, using the uploaded image for exact face and hairstyle.
Outfit: An oversized red knit sweater with white hearts, exactly as described in the prompt.
Pose: A hyper-realistic close-up portrait with a messy, cropped framing showing only the boy holding the book. His left hand rests on the wooden table and covers part of his cheek, with a subtle smile on his lips. His other hand holds the book titled "Something I Never Told You" with the word "YOU" written in pink, exactly as
described in the prompt. Background: Not specified. {
"intro": "Create an ultra realistic 8K UHD DSLR photo based on the attached image as a reference of facial features, maintaining 100% likeness.",

"subject": {
"identity": "A stylish beautiful woman portrayed as Cleopatra performing a sacred night-time royal dance, embodying divine seduction, power, and celestial authority.",
"angle": "Full-body high-fashion editorial portrait captured at a cinematic 3/4 angle, ultra-crisp clarity with no blur.",
"pose": {
"body_position": "She is captured mid-dance inside a temple courtyard at night, her body angled gracefully, hips grounded, torso lifted, creating a powerful and sensual silhouette.",
"movement": "Her arms are raised in slow ceremonial motion while one leg steps forward, fully revealing her feet and lower legs as part of the ritual stance.",
"expression": "A calm, hypnotic, commanding gaze directed toward the camera—quiet dominance wrapped in sensual mystery."
}
},

"appearance": {
"outfit": "An ultra-bongga Cleopatra couture gown with an all-crystal bodice that fits like jeweled armor. Thousands of hand-set crystals, diamonds, and glass stones in gold, champagne, clear, and iridescent tones form sacred Egyptian motifs—cobras, sun disks, lotus symbols—entirely through crystal placement. The neckline is daring yet elegant, supported by invisible illusion mesh. From the waist, the skirt opens into flowing sheer silk and organza panels in ivory and soft gold, designed with a high front opening that intentionally exposes her legs and feet during movement. Crystal chains and beaded fringe sway rhythmically with every step, enhancing sensual motion.",
"accessories": "A dramatic Egyptian ceremonial headpiece with gold and crystal detailing, an oversized layered gold collar necklace, sculpted crystal arm cuffs, finger armor rings, a crystal-and-gold waist belt, and delicate gold anklets accentuating her bare feet.",
"hair": "Her hair is sleek, glossy, and perfectly controlled, styled to balance the weight of the crystal headpiece while allowing elegant movement.",
"makeup": "Ultra-glam, colorful Egyptian night makeup—bold elongated black kohl eyeliner, intense eyeshadow layered in turquoise, emerald, sapphire blue, violet, and metallic gold. Beneath the eyes, intricate ceremonial ink drawings in fine black and gold lines inspired by ancient Egyptian markings. Skin is luminous with molten-gold highlights, brows strong and defined, lips finished in a sensual nude-bronze satin."
},

"props": {
"ritual_elements": [
"Burning incense bowls releasing thick aromatic smoke",
"Golden sistrum placed near the dance space",
"Tall ceremonial torches lining the temple floor"
]
},

"background": {
"macro_environment": "A grand ancient Egyptian temple courtyard at night, reserved for sacred royal rituals.",
"midground_details": "Towering sandstone columns, massive statues of Isis and Hathor, carved temple walls, flowing linen drapes, and ceremonial platforms illuminated by firelight.",
"micro_elements": "Torch flames reflecting off crystal surfaces, fine dust particles glowing in the night air, incense smoke wrapping around her legs and feet, detailed stone floor textures beneath her bare feet, crystal fringe in motion, and sharply defined shadows—everything rendered in extreme detail with zero blur."
},

"lighting": {
"type": "Cinematic night lighting using torches, oil lamps, and subtle moonlight.",
"effect": "Firelight ignites the crystal bodice with prismatic sparkle while moonlight softly outlines her legs and feet, creating a dramatic, sensual, and divine atmosphere."
},

"camera": {
"camera_type": "DSLR",
"resolution": "8K UHD",
"lens": "50mm prime lens",
"aperture": "f/8 for full-body and environment sharpness",
"iso": 100,
"shutter_speed": "1/200s to freeze elegant motion clearly",
"focus": "Extreme sharp focus on crystal bodice, facial features, legs, feet, and temple details, no bokeh, no blur"
},

"style": "Ultra high-fashion editorial, night temple ritual, all-crystal couture, sexy yet sacred, ancient Egyptian royalty reimagined, cinematic realism, extremely detailed, sharp, iconic"
} {
"intro": "Create an ultra realistic 8K UHD DSLR photo based on the attached image as a reference of facial features, maintaining 100% likeness.",

"subject": {
"identity": "A stylish beautiful woman portrayed as Cleopatra, the eternal Queen of Egypt, radiating supreme authority, elegance, and divine power.",
"angle": "Full-body editorial portrait captured at a cinematic 3/4 angle, both Cleopatra and the horse positioned diagonally, rendered in ultra-crisp clarity with no blur.",
"pose": {
"body_position": "She is riding a majestic white horse, seated confidently with impeccable royal posture, her torso slightly turned to a 3/4 angle to emphasize grace and dominance.",
"hands": "One hand gently holds the gold-accented reins, while the other rests elegantly near her waist, displaying ornate jewelry.",
"expression": "She looks directly at the camera with a calm, commanding, and seductive gaze—the unmistakable presence of a queen born to rule."
}
},

"appearance": {
"outfit": "An opulent, ultra-bongga Cleopatra couture gown in pristine white and radiant gold. The gown features a sculpted corset bodice richly embroidered with gold hieroglyphic motifs, sun-disk patterns, and crystal beadwork. Flowing white silk, chiffon, and sheer organza panels cascade dramatically from the waist and shoulders, creating powerful movement as she rides. A daring thigh-high slit reveals her leg, balancing sensuality with imperial elegance. Every seam is traced with gold-thread embroidery for a luminous, goddess-like silhouette.",
"accessories": "She wears the exact Cleopatra headpiece from the attached reference image: a regal black-and-gold striped nemes-style headdress with a polished gold cobra (uraeus) centerpiece at the forehead, structured side panels, and intricate gold detailing. Paired with a wide Egyptian collar necklace with turquoise accents, engraved gold arm cuffs, crystal finger rings, an ornate gold waist belt, delicate anklets, and elegant flat Egyptian sandals.",
"hair": "Her hair is fully concealed beneath the nemes headpiece as shown in the reference image, ensuring perfect historical accuracy and symmetry.",
"makeup": "Ultra-bold, highly colorful Egyptian eye makeup with ceremonial ink artistry. Her eyes feature sharp elongated black kohl eyeliner extended dramatically past the outer corners, layered with vivid turquoise, teal, emerald green, sapphire blue, violet, and metallic gold pigments blended in high-fashion gradients. Beneath each eye, intricate hand-drawn ink designs inspired by ancient Egyptian symbolism are visible—fine black and gold lines, dots, and sacred motifs echoing hieroglyphs and protective markings, following the natural curve of the lower eye and cheekbone. Her complexion is flawless and softly bronzed with luminous highlights, brows are sculpted and powerful, cheeks carry a subtle coral-rose flush, and lips are finished in a refined nude-rose satin tone to balance the intense, artistic eye look."
},

"props": {
"animal": "A powerful, majestic white horse with a flowing ivory mane, sculpted muscles, and intelligent dark eyes. The horse wears elegant white-and-gold tack engraved with Egyptian motifs, symbolizing royal conquest, divine favor, and sovereignty."
},

"background": {
"macro_environment": "A vast open desert landscape near the Egyptian palace and pyramids at golden hour, stretching endlessly beneath a dramatic sky glowing with gold, amber, and soft ivory tones.",
"midground_details": "Distant pyramids rising from the sand, monumental stone statues, ceremonial banners moving in the wind, and faint silhouettes of royal guards and attendants placed far behind for scale.",
"micro_elements": "Fine desert sand lifted by the horse’s movement, sharply defined gold engravings on the reins, visible embroidery threads on the gown, subtle translucency of sheer fabrics, radiant light reflections on gold surfaces, and crisp, realistic shadows—everything rendered with extreme clarity and zero blur."
},

"lighting": {
"type": "Cinematic natural golden-hour lighting with soft reflective highlights.",
"effect": "Warm sunlight intensifies the white-and-gold palette, ignites the vibrant eye makeup colors and ink details, and illuminates the horse’s coat, creating a radiant, divine, editorial glow."
},

"camera": {
"camera_type": "DSLR",
"resolution": "8K UHD",
"lens": "50mm prime lens",
"aperture": "f/8 for maximum sharpness across subject and background",
"iso": 100,
"shutter_speed": "1/250s to freeze motion while maintaining realism",
"focus": "Extreme sharp focus from foreground to background, no bokeh, no blur"
},

"style": "High-fashion editorial, cinematic realism, divine Egyptian royalty, white-and-gold couture contrasted with vibrant ceremonial eye art, powerful, sensual, ultra-detailed, sharp, majestic"
}
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