區塊鏈必須面對的MEV隱形稅務問題

MEV是區塊鏈必須面對的選擇

MEV(最大可提取價值)並不是不可避免的。它是一種偽裝成必要性的工程化剝削。區塊鏈的未來取決於消除這種對用戶的隱性稅收。

意見

去中心化、無需許可和透明性。這些原則吸引了許多人進入區塊鏈生態系統。然而,這一願景卻被一種隱秘且常常看不見的力量所破壞:最大可提取價值(MEV)。

MEV並不是必然的;它是一種選擇。太多人將其視為區塊鏈的不可避免的副產品,但事實並非如此。MEV是被納入激勵機制的,它可以被設計出去。如果不加以控制,MEV會成為一種隱性稅收,一種形式的審查,直接攻擊公平性和去中心化。

容忍MEV會消耗用戶的信任,並阻礙採用。相反,消除它能保護用戶,並發出可信、未來-proof的基礎設施信號。建立公平的系統意味著建立更具競爭力和可投資的生態系統。

建設者、開發者、用戶和投資者需要認識到這一威脅,並團結起來消除它;這既是道德上的責任,也是戰略上的必要性,未來的Web3依賴於此。

隱藏在明面上的審查

最大可提取價值是區塊生產者通過操縱交易順序所能捕獲的最大利潤。有些人認為存在中立形式的MEV,比如簡單的去中心化交易所套利,但絕大多數是有害的。這種「有毒的MEV」是金融審查,破壞了安全性、無需許可性和去中心化。

最常見的例子包括區塊隱藏、時間盜竊攻擊、前置交易和夾擊攻擊。這些手段重新排序交易,以用戶的代價提取價值。這些並不是行業的善意把戲,而是故意的操控,顛覆用戶的意圖並消耗信任。允許這些行為是一種政策選擇,而不是自然法則。

隱性稅收與不必要的集中化

有毒的MEV是設計用來抵抗集中化的系統中的一種集中化症狀。任何單一行為者都不應控制交易順序。然而,MEV卻將權力集中在少數提取者手中,利用結果。

結果是競爭環境的不平等。當用戶擔心自己被前置交易或夾擊時,他們會對系統的完整性失去信心。這種信任缺失對長期採用是致命的。更糟的是,MEV扭曲了激勵機制。它不再獎勵那些加強網絡的建設者,而是將獎勵引導給那些利用它的人。這種不對齊對區塊鏈的可信度構成了生存威脅。

對於投資者來說,這不僅僅是一個技術問題,而是一個治理的紅旗。選擇容忍MEV的鏈條顯示出脆弱性,而選擇遏制MEV的鏈條則顯示出韌性。解決MEV不僅僅是一種道德立場,更是一種競爭優勢。

大規模與故意模糊

「隱性稅收」的標籤恰如其分。MEV的成本是隱藏的,但卻是真實的,每年從去中心化金融參與者那裡悄悄抽走數十億。

僅在以太坊上,MEV提取從2021年初的7800萬美元增長到2023年的6億美元。在2022年,至少有1.33億美元被 siphoned off。這些都是保守估計。由於多區塊MEV、離線對沖和無法追蹤的長尾攻擊等不透明策略,實際規模更大。這種故意的模糊性使問題更加複雜。將MEV正常化,用戶可能永遠不知道自己被抽走了多少。接受這種不透明性,依然是一種選擇。

MEV既不是不可避免的,也不是必要的

有些人認為MEV是一種必要的惡。這對不作為的辯護是微弱的。

辯護者聲稱MEV改善了流動性。事實上,真正的套利和市場做市可以在不依賴特權交易排序的透明系統中蓬勃發展。效率和公平可以共存,這已經在加密記憶池和隨機排序的實驗中得到了證明。

另一些人則認為MEV激勵了區塊生產者。但建設者已經獲得了區塊獎勵和交易費用。MEV是過度和不當的,從用戶身上提取的。

也許最危險的神話是不可避免性。解決方案已經存在。加密交易、公平排序協議、門檻密碼學和提議者-建設者分離實驗表明,有毒的MEV可以被消除或至少最小化,而不會損害性能。選擇不遵循這些路徑是自滿的偽裝。

道德與集體行動的呼籲

超越技術,這是一場為區塊鏈靈魂而戰的鬥爭。如果去中心化有任何意義,有毒的MEV必須正面對抗。

第一層建設者必須從一開始就設計抵抗MEV的協議。開發者必須避免依賴剝削的平台。用戶必須明白,公平和道德並不是可選的附加條件,而是去中心化網絡的基礎。投資者必須認識到,支持選擇解決MEV的鏈條是原則和謹慎的行為。

一個更公平的區塊鏈不僅是可能的,而且是必需的。它將獎勵那些建設和支持它的人,並決定這項技術是否能實現其信任和去中心化的承諾。

最終,MEV不會定義我們——我們的選擇將會。

這篇文章旨在提供一般信息,並不打算作為法律或投資建議。這裡表達的觀點、想法和意見僅代表作者本人,並不一定反映或代表Cointelegraph的觀點和意見。

在這篇文章中,Da Hongfei強調了MEV對區塊鏈生態系統的潛在威脅,並呼籲業界共同努力消除這一問題。他指出,MEV的存在不僅損害了用戶的信任,也扭曲了整個生態系統的激勵機制。這一觀點值得我們深思,因為在追求技術創新的同時,我們必須保持對公平和道德的堅持。未來的區塊鏈若要實現其應有的潛力,必須在設計之初就考慮到這些因素,而不是在問題出現後再進行補救。這不僅是技術上的挑戰,更是對區塊鏈理念的深刻反思。

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