代幣化銀行存款能否取代穩定幣?




哥倫比亞商學院教授質疑代幣化銀行存款的可行性

根據哥倫比亞商學院的兼任教授奧米德·馬雷坎(Omid Malekan)的說法,代幣化銀行存款缺乏穩定幣的靈活性和技術特性,因此是一種劣質產品。

銀行和金融機構已經開始實驗代幣化銀行存款,即在區塊鏈上記錄的銀行餘額,但馬雷坎認為,這項技術注定會輸給穩定幣。

他指出,過度擔保的穩定幣發行者必須保持1:1的現金或短期現金等價物儲備來支持其代幣,從責任的角度來看,比發行代幣化銀行存款的部分準備金銀行更安全。

穩定幣還具有可組合性,這意味著它們可以在加密生態系統中轉移並用於各種應用,與此不同的是,代幣化存款是受限的,具有「了解你的客戶」(KYC)控制,並且功能受到限制。

馬雷坎進一步表示,代幣化銀行存款就像是一個「只能向同一家銀行的其他客戶開支票的支票帳戶」。他補充道:

> 「這樣的代幣有什麼意義?這種代幣無法用於大多數活動。它對跨境支付毫無用處,無法服務於無銀行賬戶的人,沒有可組合性,也無法與其他資產進行原子交換,並且無法用於去中心化金融(DeFi)。」

根據標準銀行的預測,代幣化現實世界資產(RWA)部門,包括法定貨幣、房地產、股票、債券、商品、藝術品和收藏品,預計到2028年將膨脹至2萬億美元。

代幣化銀行存款必須與收益型穩定幣競爭

馬雷坎還指出,代幣化銀行存款必須與收益型穩定幣競爭,或者與那些找到方法繞過GENIUS穩定幣法案中收益禁止的穩定幣發行者競爭,後者以各種客戶獎勵的形式傳遞收益。

銀行遊說團體對收益型穩定幣表示反對,擔心穩定幣發行者與客戶分享利息會侵蝕銀行業的市場份額。

目前,美國或英國零售銀行的儲蓄賬戶平均利率低於1%,使得任何高於這一水平的收益對客戶來說都具有吸引力。

紐約大學教授奧斯丁·坎貝爾(Austin Campbell)批評銀行遊說團體對收益型穩定幣的抵制,指責銀行業利用政治壓力來保護其金融利益,卻犧牲了零售客戶的利益。

這一討論不僅揭示了代幣化銀行存款的局限性,還反映了傳統金融與加密貨幣生態系統之間的緊張關係。隨著加密技術的發展,銀行業必須重新思考其商業模式,以適應這一不斷變化的市場環境。這也意味著,未來的金融服務可能會更加多元化,消費者將能夠享受到更具競爭力的產品與服務。

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