代幣化銀行存款:穩定幣的劣勢分析




哥倫比亞商學院教授質疑代幣化銀行存款的可行性

根據哥倫比亞商學院的兼任教授奧米德·馬萊坎(Omid Malekan)表示,代幣化銀行存款缺乏穩定幣的靈活性和技術特性,因而被視為劣質產品。他指出,雖然銀行和金融機構開始嘗試將銀行存款以代幣形式記錄在區塊鏈上,但這項技術注定會輸給穩定幣。

馬萊坎提到,過度抵押的穩定幣發行者必須保持1:1的現金或短期現金等價物儲備來支持其代幣,從責任的角度來看,這比發行代幣化銀行存款的部分準備金銀行更安全。

穩定幣的可組合性意味著它們可以在加密生態系統中轉移並用於各種應用,而代幣化存款則受到限制,需遵循客戶身份驗證(KYC)控制,功能受到限制。

馬萊坎進一步指出,代幣化銀行存款就像是一個“只能向同一銀行的其他客戶開支票的支票帳戶”。他表示:“這樣的代幣有什麼意義?這種代幣無法用於大多數活動,對於跨境支付毫無用處,無法服務於無銀行賬戶的人群,也不提供可組合性或與其他資產的原子交換,亦無法用於去中心化金融(DeFi)。”

根據標準普爾銀行的預測,代幣化真實世界資產(RWA)市場,包括法定貨幣、房地產、股票、債券、商品、藝術品和收藏品,預計到2028年將膨脹至2萬億美元。

穩定幣發行者必須分享收益

馬萊坎還指出,代幣化銀行存款必須與產生收益的穩定幣競爭,或是那些尋找方法來繞過《GENIUS穩定幣法案》中收益禁止的穩定幣發行者,通過各種客戶獎勵的形式將收益轉讓給客戶。

銀行遊說團體對收益型穩定幣表示反對,擔心穩定幣發行者與客戶分享利息會侵蝕銀行業的市場份額。根據目前的數據,美國或英國零售銀行的儲蓄賬戶平均收益率低於1%,因此任何高於這一水平的產品對客戶來說都具有吸引力。

紐約大學教授奧斯丁·坎貝爾(Austin Campbell)批評銀行遊說團體對收益型穩定幣的抵制,指責他們利用政治壓力來保護自身的金融利益,卻犧牲了零售客戶的利益。

這一系列的討論顯示了傳統銀行體系與新興加密技術之間的緊張關係。代幣化銀行存款的發展是否能夠真正滿足市場需求,還需時間來檢驗。而穩定幣的快速發展和其所帶來的靈活性,無疑將對傳統金融體系構成持續的挑戰。這不僅是技術上的競爭,更是對於未來金融生態系統的重新定義。

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