加密市場內幕交易:透明度與操控的現實

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內幕交易是美國證券交易委員會的特權俱樂部,尋找替罪羊

加密貨幣的透明性揭示了傳統金融隱藏的市場操控。百年來的法律充滿了漏洞,使得操控行為得以不受懲罰。

最近,美國總統特朗普在10月10日宣布對中國徵收懲罰性關稅後,導致加密市場歷史上最大的清算事件,至少有190億美元的多頭頭寸被抹去,暴露了這個新興市場的一個醜陋面:其對內幕交易的脆弱性。

鏈上數據顯示,在重大公告前的半小時內,有人於Hyperliquid上進行了大量的空頭交易。隨著市場的暴跌,這位交易者獲利1.6億美元,引發了對市場操控的猜測,甚至有人推測這位「鯨魚」與總統家庭有密切關係。

儘管這只是數個潛在內幕交易案例之一,但它確實困擾著整個行業。事實上,代幣發行模式本身也值得審視,因為它們往往會獎勵風險投資公司,讓其在上市前獲得的配額在上市時出售,這對零售交易者造成了損害。儘管加密貨幣取得了一定的進展,但它仍然是一個「西部荒野」——基本上缺乏監管,容易受到市場操控。

這個龐大的問題並不僅僅是加密貨幣的專利。這是市場自古以來就存在的問題。金融監管已經嘗試了幾十年來終止這種行為,但都以失敗告終。這與區塊鏈技術無關:這只是人類貪婪的表現。

區塊鏈技術的透明性揭露了市場的肮髒內幕,這對監管機構來說是一個警醒,促使他們採取認真的行動來清理市場。

有利於特權者的規則

金融市場的歷史充滿了未受懲罰的內幕交易和市場操控事件。最重要的例子就是全球金融危機,其關鍵參與者在大量證據面前卻沒有受到懲罰。這包括雷曼兄弟的高層,他們在公司崩潰時急於出售股票——這一切都因為檢察官未能根據現行法律證明其意圖。

在隨後的幾年中,美國證券交易委員會(SEC)報導開展了50多項針對衍生品市場的調查,包括涉及信用違約掉期的內幕交易及其對2009年至2012年希臘政府債券危機的潛在影響。但沒有任何定罪。這在某種程度上是因為法律未涵蓋債務衍生品。更令人震驚的是,至少在美國,這種情況至今仍然存在。

全球內幕交易法規的修訂非常有限。自1934年美國證券交易法首次引入以來,幾乎一個世紀的時間裡,所實施的變更往往是障礙而非幫助。在美國,2000年引入的10b5-1條例創造了一個內幕交易的漏洞,而任何更新都未能解決當今市場環境的複雜性。

例如,2016年的SEC訴Panuwat案測試了內幕交易法律的邊界,直到八年後才達成定罪。Panuwat是生物技術公司Medivation的高級主管,該公司被輝瑞收購。在得知收購消息後,他購買了競爭對手Incyte Corp的看漲期權,最終獲利超過10萬美元。

SEC對內幕交易的忽視

儘管Panuwat最終被定罪,但這種所謂的「影子交易」仍然是SEC執法的一個新興領域,並且在技術上仍未寫入法律。但它應該被納入法律範疇。現行法律不適用於與50年前截然不同的市場,因此是時候進行升級了。

這意味著需要正式擴大法律範圍,以涵蓋包括衍生品和數字資產在內的各類投資工具,並更新內幕信息的定義,包括政府渠道、政策簡報和其他方式。這也意味著加強公職人員和助手的預披露和冷卻期,類似於現行的10b5-1改革。

此外,執法需要變得更快。八年的定罪時間在一個幾秒鐘內就能損失數十億的世界中遠遠不夠。

監管機構需要全力打擊內幕交易,利用現代工具來對抗詐騙者。

加密市場無疑不例外。當局應該調查代幣發行、交易所上市以及推動數字資產熱潮的交易。這對於市場中誠實的參與者來說,只會是好事。

然而,將這視為加密特有的問題將是一個大錯誤。在法律現代化和漏洞關閉之前,內部人將繼續利用這些漏洞,系統的信任將持續受到侵蝕。

只有當違法者開始懼怕其行為的後果時,傳統市場和數字資產市場的變革才會真正發生。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由FLUX根據內容自動生成。

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