互換便利工具啟動!五大問題待解釋

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**支持資本市場的非銀互換便利工具落地 華創證券:五大問題待明確**

2024年10月10日,中國人民銀行宣佈創設「證券、基金、保險公司互換便利」,首期操作規模5000億元。華創證券指出,金融機構從央行借券後,大概率通過質押式回購的方式獲得資金,因此成本包含支付央行的費率及質押成本兩重,或利好有穩定收益的高股息權益資產。

**一、支持資本市場的非銀互換便利工具落地**

為促進資本市場健康穩定發展,中國人民銀行決定創設「證券、基金、保險公司互換便利(簡稱SFISF)」,支持符合條件的證券、基金、保險公司(由金監局確定)以債券、股票ETF、滬深300成分股等資產為抵押,從人民銀行換入國債、央行票據等高等級流動性資產。首期操作規模5000億元,視情可進一步擴大操作規模。即日起,接受符合條件的證券、基金、保險公司申報。

**二、實質:提高股票流動性,為權益市場提供增量資金**

一是,提高股票類資產的流動性,可參考央行創設工具「央票CBS」。2019年1月24日,為提高銀行永續債(含無固定期限資本債券)的流動性,支持銀行發行永續債補充資本,中國人民銀行決定創設央行票據互換工具(CBS),公開市場業務一級交易商可以使用持有的合格銀行發行的永續債從中國人民銀行換入央行票據。

第二步,為權益市場提供增量資金,規模取決於金融機構主動或被動申報的情況。由於互換便利的底層資產的所有權不發生轉移,且遵循風險自擔的原則,非銀機構獲取資金後仍是投向資本市場,因此機構申報情況或取決於金融機構的主動或被動參與情況,創設工具的實際使用情況決定了為權益市場提供的增量資金規模。

**三、五大待明確的問題:操作方式和工具要素設置**

由於當前操作細則尚未公開披露,針對工具有以下可關注的問題:

1. 是否借助SPV或一級交易商?或借助一級交易商或SPV展開,但實質交易對手仍是央行和非銀機構。

2. 換券比例如何?或大概率採用等額互換的方式。非銀互換便利大概率也是1:1等額互換的方式。

3. 質押後獲得的國債、央票是否可以賣出?或有限制。若參考央票CBS的有關規定,互換後的央行票據不可用於現券買賣、買斷式回購等交易,但可用於抵押融資,或作為擔保品參與央行貨幣政策操作。

4. 費率和期限的設置如何?由於權益資產的流動性相較於銀行永續更弱且風險更高,因此,非銀借貸便利的費率設置或更高。

5. 互換便利的規模擴容上限或掛鉤央行持倉,當前央行手裡的國債情況如何?從期限角度看,當前3年以下短券規模佔比較高,規模或在1.6萬億左右,或為主要用於借出的標的。

**四、風險提示**

工具申報不及預期。

**評論:**

這次中國人民銀行推出的非銀互換便利工具,顯示了政府在提升資本市場流動性和穩定性方面的積極態度。這種工具不僅能夠為市場注入流動性,還能在一定程度上改善市場的資金結構。然而,這也提出了一些值得關注的問題,例如如何確保資金的流入真正能夠刺激實體經濟,而不是僅僅流入高回報、低風險的資產。

此外,這個工具的實施效果很大程度上取決於金融機構的參與熱情和央行的操作細節。這其中涉及到的換券比例、質押限制等問題,需要進一步明確和細化,以確保政策能夠達到預期效果。

從長遠來看,這類政策工具的推出或許能夠促使市場更加理性和成熟,但也需要警惕可能產生的市場過度依賴政策工具的風險。未來的挑戰在於如何平衡市場自我調節和政府干預之間的關係,確保資本市場的健康發展。

以上文章由特價GPT API根據網上資料所翻譯及撰寫,過程中沒有任何人類參與 🙂

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