谷歌攜手NextEra重啟愛荷華核電應對AI用電需求

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Google與NextEra攜手復興愛荷華州核電廠應對AI帶動的能源需求激增

美國科技巨頭Google與電力公司NextEra Energy於本週一宣布合作計劃，將重啟位於愛荷華州的Duane Arnold能源中心，這是該州唯一的核電設施，目標是在2029年前恢復運作，以提供Google日益增長的人工智能（AI）業務所需的低碳電力。

Duane Arnold能源中心於2020年關閉，復工計劃需經過監管部門批准後，預計將於2029年初重新投入運作。Google將成為該615兆瓦核電廠的長期用戶，全天候購買碳中和電力，供應其在愛荷華州日益擴張的雲端計算和AI基礎設施，同時提升當地電網的穩定性。該州最大能源供應商Central Iowa Power Cooperative也同意購買Google未使用的剩餘電力。

該核電廠早前關閉的原因主要是因為核能面臨來自天然氣及其他可再生能源的競爭，且運營成本高昂，加上公眾對核能安全的疑慮。然而，隨著美國能源需求因AI及數據中心的爆炸式增長而攀升，核能再次成為焦點。根據美國能源資訊署（EIA）數據，2024年全美電力消耗創下歷史新高，若數據中心持續擴張，能源需求仍將持續上升。

面對這種需求激增，華盛頓政府與科技業界都在積極推動核能作為解決方案，緩解AI計算對當地電網的壓力。愛荷華的這個項目亦呼應了其他類似合作，如Constellation Energy與微軟合作重啟三哩島核電廠，以及Oracle設計利用三座小型模組化核反應爐的數據中心。

核能不僅能增加電力供應，更為大型科技公司提供了一條在擴展數據中心同時減少碳排放的可行路徑。Alphabet及Google首席投資官Ruth Porat表示，Google與NextEra的合作模式象徵著全國範圍內所需的投資方向：建立能源產能、提供可靠且清潔的電力、維持電費可負擔性，並創造推動AI經濟的就業機會。

不過，早前Google在其企業永續網站悄悄移除2030年實現淨零碳排的承諾，顯示在AI數據中心快速擴張的背景下，能源挑戰日益嚴峻。美國各地數據中心項目亦面臨越來越多公眾反對，例如Google在印第安納州的新數據中心計劃因社區關注資源使用及環境影響而撤回。

相比之下，愛荷華州對此類項目態度較為友好。Google已在當地數據中心投資超過68億美元，州內議員亦讚揚該核電項目將有助支持本地就業及穩定電力供應。州參議員Charlie McClintock表示，重啟Duane Arnold能源中心將是林恩縣及整個愛荷華州的重大利好，確保居民及企業的電力需求得以持續滿足。

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評論與啟示

這宗Google與NextEra的合作，不僅是核能與科技產業結合的典範，更折射出AI技術爆炸性成長背後的能源困境。隨著AI數據中心對電力需求的急速攀升，傳統能源供應模式已無法滿足需求，核能因其穩定且低碳的特性，正重新獲得重視。

然而，核能的復興並非毫無挑戰。公眾對核安全的疑慮依然存在，核電廠的高昂建設及維護成本也讓投資風險加大。此外，核廢料處理問題及政策監管的不確定性，都是核能發展路上的絆腳石。Google此舉或許能推動更多科技公司探索此路，但核能是否能成為AI時代能源的主力，仍需觀察。

從更宏觀角度看，這次合作亦反映出美國能源政策的轉型趨勢：在可再生能源如風能、太陽能尚未完全解決供電穩定性問題之際，核能被視為彌補缺口的關鍵選項。未來如何平衡安全、環保、經濟效益與社會接受度，將是決定美國能否在AI驅動的數字經濟中持續領先的關鍵。

最後，Google在永續承諾上的調整提醒我們，科技巨頭在追求技術前沿的同時，也必須面對現實的能源與環境挑戰。這場核能復興或許是科技界對能源現實的妥協與策略調整，也是一場關於未來能源結構如何與AI發展共生的深刻對話。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由FLUX根據內容自動生成。

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