美國港口工人達成協議 終結東海岸罷工




美國港口工人與運營商達成協議立即結束東海岸罷工

紐約/華盛頓(路透社)——美國碼頭工人和港口運營商達成一項臨時協議,立即結束了已持續三天並癱瘓了美國東海岸和墨西哥灣沿岸的罷工,雙方於週四宣佈。

據兩位熟悉此事的消息人士透露,該臨時協議包括在六年內將工資提高約62%。這將使合同期內的平均工資從每小時39美元提高到約63美元。

國際長岸工人協會(ILA)工會此前要求加薪77%,而雇主組織——美國海事聯盟(USMX)此前提出的加薪近50%的方案。

這一協議結束了近半個世紀以來最大規模的罷工,該罷工阻止了從緬因州到德克薩斯州的集裝箱船卸貨,威脅到香蕉到汽車零部件等各種物品的短缺,並在主要港口外引發了大量船隻積壓。

工會和港口運營商在一份聲明中表示,他們將延長主合同至2025年1月15日,以返回談判桌解決所有未解決的問題。

聲明說:「立即生效,所有當前的工作行動將停止,所有由主合同涵蓋的工作將恢復。」

未解決的關鍵問題之一是自動化,工人們表示這將導致工作崗位的流失。

工會領袖哈羅德·達格特此前表示,集裝箱船運營商馬士基及其APM北美碼頭等雇主尚未同意停止威脅工作的港口自動化項目。

美國總統喬·拜登的政府站在工會一邊,向港口雇主施壓,要求他們提高報價以達成協議,並指出自COVID-19大流行以來航運業的巨額利潤。

拜登週四表示,這一臨時協議「代表了邁向強大合同的關鍵進展。」他補充說:「集體談判是有效的。」

他的政府一再抵制商業貿易團體和共和黨立法者要求使用聯邦權力制止罷工的呼籲——這一舉措將在11月5日總統選舉前削弱工會中的民主黨支持。

消息人士稱,白宮在達成協議的談判中發揮了重要作用。

經過數天的談判後,白宮幕僚長傑夫·齊恩茲於週四早上5:30(格林威治標準時間0930)召開了一次虛擬會議,會議包括海運公司的首席執行官,並向他們強調重新開放港口以加快颶風恢復努力的必要性。

港口罷工正值東南部州份因致命颶風而掙扎尋求物資之際。

白宮高級經濟顧問萊爾·布雷納德在會議上告訴運營商,他們需要提出新的報價來結束罷工,並要求他們在談判桌上提出新的報價。到中午,運營商同意提出更高的報價。

代理勞工部長朱莉·蘇告訴運營商,如果新報價更高,他們可以讓工會坐到談判桌上,領導人將同意延長合同。消息人士稱,她在新澤西州與工會領袖會面以確保他們的同意。

「好消息」

ILA由45,000名港口工人發起的罷工是自1977年以來的首次重大停工,週二在六年新合同談判破裂後開始。

根據Everstream Analytics的數據,截至週三,至少有45艘無法卸貨的集裝箱船停泊在受罷工影響的東海岸和墨西哥灣港口外,而在週日罷工開始前只有三艘。

JP摩根分析師表示,罷工將使美國經濟每天損失約50億美元。

罷工影響了包括紐約、巴爾的摩和休斯頓在內的36個港口,這些港口處理各種集裝箱化商品。

全國零售聯合會在一份聲明中表示:「結束當前罷工並允許東海岸和墨西哥灣沿岸港口重新開放的決定對國家經濟來說是個好消息。越早達成(最終)協議,對所有美國家庭越好。」

全國製造商協會首席執行官傑伊·蒂蒙斯表示,「冷靜的頭腦占了上風,港口將重新開放」,並稱這是「所有相關方的勝利——保護工作崗位,保障供應鏈,防止進一步的經濟中斷。」

經濟學家表示,港口關閉最初不會推高消費者價格,因為公司在最近幾個月加快了關鍵商品的出貨。然而,長時間的停工最終會產生影響,摩根士丹利經濟學家認為食品價格可能會率先反應。

編輯評論

這次罷工的結束對美國經濟無疑是一個重大利好,尤其是在颶風剛剛襲擊東南部州份的時候。然而,這次協議也暴露出了勞資雙方在自動化問題上的深層次矛盾。工會擔心自動化會導致大量工作崗位流失,而雇主則希望通過自動化提高效率和降低成本。這種矛盾在未來可能會繼續存在,甚至可能再度引發罷工。

此外,這次罷工的解決也顯示出拜登政府在處理勞資糾紛中的積極作用。政府不僅站在工會一邊,還通過高層會議和壓力促使雇主提高報價,這一舉措無疑增強了政府在工會中的支持。然而,這也可能會引發商業貿易團體和共和黨的不滿,為未來的政策博弈埋下伏筆。

總的來說,這次協議的達成是勞資雙方妥協的結果,但未來的談判仍然充滿挑戰。自動化、工資和工作保障等問題將繼續成為雙方爭論的焦點,這也是全球港口運營和工會關係中的一個縮影。

以上文章由特價GPT API根據網上資料所翻譯及撰寫,過程中沒有任何人類參與 🙂

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