諾和急增員工翻倍 今起裁員恐成真




諾和諾德因「減肥神藥」Wegovy銷售暴增,五年內員工數目幾乎翻倍

隨著丹麥製藥巨頭諾和諾德(Novo Nordisk)旗下爆款減肥藥Wegovy銷售額急速增長,公司迅速擴充生產能力和銷售團隊,五年間員工人數差不多翻倍。根據年報顯示,諾和諾德員工數由2019年的約43,260人,增至去年底的77,350人,平均每星期新增131個職位,增幅遠超競爭對手禮來(Eli Lilly),後者同期員工數僅由36,000增至47,000。

銷售放緩,裁員陰影籠罩

不過,隨著銷售增長放慢,面對成本壓力及禮來新藥Zepbound和美國市場上更廉價減肥仿製藥的競爭,諾和諾德開始面臨內部檢討。新任CEO Maziar Mike Doustdar於8月7日上任首日即表示:「我不會限制自己尋找節省成本的範圍,薪金是其中一項開支,我會全面檢視。」兩星期後,公司宣布對非關鍵職位實施全球招聘凍結。

當被問及是否會裁員時,發言人只引用了Doustdar的講話,未有透露具體計劃。

過去五年的人手激增使員工成本幾乎翻倍,去年達近99億美元。雖然銷售額大幅上升使這些成本暫時不算負擔,但今年毛利率已受擠壓,第二季度更跌至兩年半以來最低水平。

市值蒸發4900億美元,CEO力求扭轉局面

自去年成為歐洲市值最高公司以來,諾和諾德股價已蒸發約4900億美元。公司兩度下調盈利預期,並警告2025年下半年銷售可能較去年同期下滑,於是委任Doustdar掌舵,希望改善局面。

丹麥投資公司ArthaScope交易主管Lars Hytting認為,諾和諾德過去盈利強勁,令公司忽視成本管理,現時需要「收緊腰帶」,形容公司已經變得「自滿」。

銷售團隊或成裁員重點

分析師預期裁員可能首波波及銷售團隊,這是製藥業常見的成本控制手段。諾和諾德在第二季度財報時已暗示會減少推廣其舊款2型糖尿病藥物Rybelsus的力度,該藥銷售下滑,已被同成分的Ozempic取代。

TD Cowen分析師Michael Nedelcovych指出,公司削減成本時,通常先從銷售隊伍入手,尤其是面對銷量下滑的產品。

三名前員工透露,諾和諾德為推廣Wegovy在美國新組建了一支銷售隊伍,沒有完全依賴已在推廣Ozempic的員工,導致成本增加,有時兩隊伍甚至重複接觸同一批醫護人員。公司發言人未對業務架構作出回應。

大規模擴產與招募帶來組織挑戰

為應付Wegovy前所未有的需求,諾和諾德在丹麥和美國斥資擴建工廠。公司表示,過去兩三年約七成新聘人手屬製造部門,去年約49%新聘員工與生產相關,其中包括約3,200名來自去年被諾和諾德控股股東Novo Holdings收購的合同製藥商Catalent。

藥業顧問公司Pipeline Clarity創辦人Simon Birkso Larsen(曾任諾和諾德員工)認為,諾和諾德擴張過快,令組織架構混亂,難以清楚界定各人職責,「人數多了,整合難度也隨之增加,影響效率」。

評論與啟示

諾和諾德的故事反映了製藥業在爆款產品帶動下急速擴張的風險與挑戰。Wegovy的成功固然令人振奮,但過度擴張員工規模和產能,忽視成本控制,最終可能導致財務壓力和組織效率下降。這種「高速膨脹」的策略是否可持續,值得深思。

在競爭激烈的減肥藥市場,產品生命週期短暫且容易被仿製藥搶佔,企業若未能靈活調整人力資源和成本結構,將難以保持領先。諾和諾德新CEO的態度務實,願意全盤審視成本,顯示公司已認清問題嚴重性。

此外,銷售團隊的重疊和冗餘問題,反映出企業在快速擴張時缺乏有效協調與溝通。未來如何在保持市場推廣力度的同時,提升組織效率和靈活性,將是諾和諾德必須解決的課題。

對於投資者而言,這亦提醒我們不要僅因企業短期爆款產品的成功而忽略其長遠的經營風險。企業的成長質素、成本管理和組織架構同樣是評估投資價值的重要因素。諾和諾德的調整過程值得持續關注,或可為製藥行業提供寶貴的經驗教訓。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

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