ZK證明技術:保護隱私與打擊犯罪的平衡




ZK-proofs可以保護隱私,同時打擊不法行為,風投公司表示

來自A16z Crypto的評論是在Roman Storm因其混合服務Tornado Cash而被判有罪後幾週發表的,該服務可隱藏加密貨幣的來源和去向。

A16z Crypto的政策合夥人Aiden Slaven和法規顧問David Sverdlov在周二的一份報告中表示,現代加密技術,如零知識證明(ZK-proofs),可以保護用戶隱私,同時讓執法機構能夠打擊不法行為。他們指出,ZK-proofs能夠在不披露任何詳細私人信息的情況下驗證數據的真實性,並有“最大潛力”顯示資金的來源,而不公開私人信息。

這份報告的發佈正值Roman Storm被判定與運營未經許可的資金轉移服務有關的陰謀罪名成立。執法機構和檢察官在Tornado Cash案中辯稱,這類混合服務通過提供隱藏不法收益的手段來促進犯罪活動。

Slaven和Sverdlov表示:“如果用戶能在將加密貨幣兌換成法幣時提供這樣的證明,現金兌換點將有合理的保證,確保這些加密貨幣並非來自犯罪收益,而用戶則能保持其鏈上交易的隱私。”

ZK-proofs的多樣化隱私應用

Slaven和Sverdlov還建議,ZK-proofs的應用不僅限於金融領域;它們還可以幫助完成其他日常任務,例如證明公民身份等。“使用零知識證明,一個人可以向其他人證明某個命題,而無需披露駕駛執照、護照、出生證明或其他信息,”他們表示。

他們強調:“零知識證明允許確認該事實,而不暴露具體或額外的信息——無論是地址、出生日期,還是可能洩露隱私的間接密碼提示。”

美國證券交易委員會(SEC)專員Hester Peirce在8月4日的區塊鏈科學會議上也表達了類似的觀點,認為應該保護隱私保護技術。

隱私技術準備好進入主流市場

批評者經常提出關於加密隱私技術的可擴展性問題,但Slaven和Sverdlov指出,減少計算開銷等進展使其在更大規模的實施中變得更為實用。“密碼學家、工程師和企業家不斷改善零知識證明的可擴展性和可用性,使其成為滿足執法需求的有效工具,同時保護個人隱私,”他們表示。

美國政府在7月的加密報告中指出,ZK-proofs是一種保護用戶隱私的方式,同時允許合規檢查。摩根大通的私人區塊鏈Nexus也使用該技術進行代幣化現金結算和銀行間消息傳遞。

其他值得探索的加密隱私技術

除了ZK-proofs,Slaven和Sverdlov還提到其他值得探索的選擇,例如同態加密,這是一種加密技術,允許在不解密其他私人信息(例如姓名)的情況下使用部分數據(例如數字)。其他可能性還包括多方計算,允許多個人合作計算而不揭露任何人的私人數據,以及差分隱私,確保通過調查等方法收集的聚合數據無法用於識別個人。

他們指出:“新技術——從電報和電話到互聯網——總是引發對隱私即將消失的新焦慮。”他們補充道:“區塊鏈也不例外,區塊鏈上的隱私經常被誤解為創造危險的透明度或成為犯罪的庇護所。”

這篇文章不僅探討了ZK-proofs在隱私保護中的潛力,還引發了對加密技術未來發展的深思。在當今的數字世界,如何在保護個人隱私的同時,滿足法律合規的需求,將成為未來技術發展的重要課題。這也提醒我們,隨著科技的進步,對隱私的理解和保護方式必須不斷演變,以適應新的挑戰和需求。

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