芬蘭校園抗假新聞 AI竟成新挑戰?

Ai

芬蘭抗擊假新聞計劃由校園開始 AI或將成為新挑戰

今年早些時候,在芬蘭一間滿是六歲以下小朋友的教室內,老師建議以一個新的網上工具——人工智能(AI)共同創作一個故事。孩子們在老師的協助下,決定故事的類型(恐怖)、劇情和角色。老師將孩子們的意見輸入AI系統,不單生成了文字,還製作了插圖,令小朋友驚喜不已,這是有AI素養專家觀察到的教學活動。

這個故事創作練習,是這個北歐國家如何從小教導市民與AI互動的其中一個例子。芬蘭在歐洲抗假新聞韌性指數中名列前茅,媒體素養被視為培養公眾「同時具備批判性和數碼素養」的關鍵,方便他們判斷網上資訊的真偽,根據歐洲數碼媒體觀察所述。

數十年來,芬蘭學校從數學到歷史、科學課程,都融入媒體素養和批判思維,但教育專家坦言,如何將AI納入課程,仍在摸索階段。芬蘭國家教育局的教育顧問Nina Penttinen向本報表示:「學生需要明白AI是什麼,如何運作。在學校,他們需要學習不依賴AI寫作。」

媒體素養作為終身技能

芬蘭自1970年代起教授媒體素養,當時重點是如何解讀廣播和電視節目。2014年最新一輪課程更新,正值俄羅斯非法吞併克里米亞後不久,當時芬蘭及鄰國面對大量假消息,課程新增了社交媒體和智能手機的內容。

課程圍繞「多元素養」概念設計,即理解、評估和分析不同資訊來源是終身技能,而非單一科目。全國約有100個機構推廣媒體素養,並為學校提供教材,芬蘭國家視聽研究所(KAVI)表示。

由三歲開始,孩子會透過研究有趣的圖片或聲音,初步認識數碼環境;七至八歲時,老師會指導他們判斷網上資訊的可信度;九至十歲學生則學習整合研究資料,重點是挑選的觀點及忽略了哪些。

KAVI副所長Leo Pekkala說,老師甚至會在數學課講解算法如何運作。他指出,芬蘭的做法似乎有效,因為假消息在該國傳播有限,多數人能辨識惡意訊息。

Pekkala舉例,新冠疫情期間國際陰謀論曾在芬蘭流傳,但未曾大規模擴散,民眾普遍識破並認為荒謬。

媒體素養助抗AI假訊息

AI帶來的挑戰之一是深偽技術(Deepfake),世界知識產權組織將其定義為用合成技術製作的假影片或圖片,可能將一個人的面孔疊加到另一個身體,或操控聲音生成逼真影片。

今年已有多宗深偽詐騙事件,目標包括美國國務卿Marco Rubio、意大利國防部長Guido Crosetto,以及多位名人如Taylor Swift和Joe Rogan,他們的聲音被用於推廣詐騙,承諾提供政府資金。

Pekkala形容這些內容「非常難以與真實材料分辨」。他希望學生能用在學校學到的技能識別AI製作的視頻可能有異常,然後查證其他來源判斷真偽。他強調,AI技術表面發展迅速,但基礎的媒體批判理解仍不可或缺。

Penttinen補充,孩子們也會學到辨識假視頻、圖片或聲音的線索,例如若內容激起強烈情緒反應,可能是假的。她認為,儘管有風險,孩子們仍需了解AI如何運作及其背後公司的發展。

面對巨大挑戰

歐盟知識產權侵權觀察站(EUIPO)的教育推廣專家Kari Kivinen表示,芬蘭教師已開始調整使用AI的方式,例如課堂要求手寫作業,或規定AI只能用於頭腦風暴而非最終作業。他提及老師用恐怖故事創作練習向幼兒介紹AI。

芬蘭政府今年早些時候推出AI指引,建議教師公開自己使用AI的方式及可能出現的錯誤和偏見。不過Penttinen指出,因為指引未納入正式課程,學校和教師可能不會廣泛採用。課程全面檢討約每十年一次,目前尚未開始。

Kivinen正與歐盟及其他發達國家合作制定AI素養框架,預計2026年初發布,將為學生使用AI、如何溝通使用AI,以及如何獲得更可靠AI結果提供指導,最終目標是在100個國家評估15歲學生的AI技能。他說,這框架與芬蘭的做法一致。

他強調:「AI的問題不只屬於芬蘭,而是全歐洲甚至全球的問題。AI工具發展太快,教育系統跟不上,這是我們面前的一大任務。」

評論與啟發

芬蘭多年來建立的媒體素養教育體系,成功培養了公眾辨識假消息的能力,成為全球抗擊假新聞的典範。如今面對AI技術的迅猛發展,這套體系正經歷轉型挑戰。AI生成內容的真假難辨,尤其是深偽技術帶來的威脅,讓傳統的媒體批判技能必須升級,融入新一代的數碼教育中。

芬蘭教育當局的謹慎態度值得借鑒:既不完全排斥AI,也不放任學生依賴AI完成作業,而是強調理解AI運作原理和限制,培養學生批判性思維。這種平衡策略有助於減少AI帶來的負面影響,同時促進創新學習。

然而,芬蘭面臨的問題亦是全球教育界的縮影——課程更新緩慢難以追上技術變革,教師培訓和政策制定需加速配合。歐盟層面擬定的AI素養框架,若能成功推廣,將為全球教育提供寶貴參考。

對香港而言,隨著AI工具日益普及,教育系統同樣需要積極應對。除了教授學生辨識假新聞,更應納入AI素養教育,培養他們理解AI的能力和倫理意識。這不僅是科技教育的升級,更是面對未來數碼社會的必備生存技能。

總括而言,AI雖為媒體素養教育帶來新挑戰,但同時也提供了重新思考和重塑教育內容的契機。如何在培養創意思維與防範虛假信息之間取得平衡,將是未來教育改革的重點。芬蘭的經驗提醒我們,唯有持續更新教育理念和方法,才能真正裝備下一代,迎接AI時代的考驗。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由FLUX根據內容自動生成。

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Use my image in Ultra-realistic, hyper-detailed, 8K cinematic portrait of a young stylish man, using the uploaded image for exact face and hairstyle.
Outfit: An oversized red knit sweater with white hearts, exactly as described in the prompt.
Pose: A hyper-realistic close-up portrait with a messy, cropped framing showing only the boy holding the book. His left hand rests on the wooden table and covers part of his cheek, with a subtle smile on his lips. His other hand holds the book titled "Something I Never Told You" with the word "YOU" written in pink, exactly as
described in the prompt. Background: Not specified. Generate an ultra-realistic, highly ultra-detailed, 8k resolution with 1080x1080 pixel portrait of me using the uploaded image for reference (preserved the likeness and the original face for reference) of a striking, high-resolution portrait of a young woman with long, flowing wavy brunette hair, seated gracefully on a simple black wooden chair in a dimly lit studio. She wears an oversized, off-white knitted sweater that drapes loosely over her frame, slipping off one shoulder to reveal smooth skin and add a subtle touch of sensuality. Her pose is elegant and contemplative: one arm rests gently on the chair’s backrest while her hand delicately supports her chin, and her gaze is directed thoughtfully toward the side, creating an intimate and introspective mood. The lighting is expertly crafted with a single soft, directional light source positioned to the side, casting gentle shadows that sculpt her form and highlight the texture of the knitwear and the natural contours of her legs and arms. This chiaroscuro effect enhances the depth and dimensionality of the image, emphasizing the softness of her skin and the intricate weave of the sweater. The background is a smooth, muted dark gray, providing a minimalist and distraction-free backdrop that contrasts beautifully with her light-colored apparel and warm skin tones. *** The composition is a full-body vertical frame that captures the model’s seated posture with perfect balance, positioning her slightly off-center to create visual interest and harmony. The overall color palette is subdued and warm, featuring neutral tones that evoke a sense of calm and understated elegance. The image is impeccably sharp, showcasing fine details such as the delicate waves of her hair, the subtle folds in the fabric, and the natural texture of her skin. The style is classic and timeless, blending modern minimalism with emotive portraiture to convey quiet strength, beauty, and introspection. Base Setup

keep 100 percent facial information adherence of the attached image and turn her into a fashion model walking through a dim stone tunnel toward a bright exit, captured as a live action photograph or movie still, not an illustration or CGI render. Her styling leans seductive and attractive through fashion, attitude, and mood rather than explicit content.

Shot and Camera

Full body silhouette shot from behind at slightly low camera height, matching the original perspective and narrow tunnel framing. Keep her stride, tunnel curvature, and vanishing light exactly as seen.

Identity and Pose

Preserve her height impression, slim silhouette, hair length, and body proportions. She walks forward with one hip subtly angled, natural arm swing, confident stride, and a slow, sensual rhythm. Her head tilts slightly as if aware of being watched. Include 8k Photorealistic and hyper realistic.

Lighting and Environment

Strong backlight from the tunnel exit creates a glowing rim around her body, with soft, scattered reflections on the wet stone floor. The tunnel remains dark with textured stone irregularities and real moisture streaks. Add subtle haze for realism and keep the environment grounded with accurate shadows and surface wear.

Masking and Constraints

Change only the outfit and styling, keep lighting, perspective, white balance, pose, face geometry, body proportions, and silhouette the same. Absolutely no added text, no cartoon look, no CGI sheen, no plastic skin, no floating feet, and no overly clean backgrounds. Maintain consistent perspective, grounded contact shadows, film like grain, and full live action realism.