巴西叫停「大豆禁令」或面臨巨額罰款




巴西競爭監管機構命令大豆貿易商終止「大豆禁伐令」計劃 否則面臨重罰

巴西聖保羅消息——巴西競爭監管機構CADE週一下令,作為全球最大大豆出口國的巴西大豆貿易商必須結束名為「大豆禁伐令」(Soy Moratorium)的計劃,否則將面臨高額罰款。該決定由總監亞歷山大·巴雷托·德索薩簽署。

據路透社取得的裁定文件,德索薩建議對該自願計劃的簽署方展開全面調查。該計劃禁止大豆貿易商從2008年7月之後在亞馬遜雨林非法砍伐土地後生產大豆的農戶手中購買大豆。

這項已有二十年歷史的自願協議,旨在保護亞馬遜雨林,但巴西農戶抱怨該協議限制了遵守環保規範的農戶發展。

代表全球糧食貿易商如ADM、邦吉(Bunge)、嘉吉(Cargill)、路易達孚(Louis Dreyfus)和中糧(Cofco)等企業的貿易組織Anec與Abiove,根據文件,有十天時間必須遵從監管要求。

代表糧食出口商的Anec表示,CADE對大豆禁伐令的態度「極其令人擔憂」,並將採取行政手段提出上訴。Anec強調,大豆禁伐令是一項由多個行業、民間社會、環境部門及巴西環保機構Ibama共同支持的多方協議,應予以維持。

代表油籽壓榨商的Abiove則稱,對德索薩建議展開全面調查及採取預防措施的決定感到「驚訝」,並會採取行動捍衛大豆禁伐令的合法性。

根據德索薩的決定,大豆禁伐令工作小組,包括Anec、Abiove及各簽署該計劃的出口公司,必須遵守CADE的預防措施。

根據該命令,大豆出口商不得收集、分享、儲存或散播與大豆貿易及其合作農戶有關的商業敏感信息。

此外,預防措施還要求撤回所有與大豆禁伐令相關的資料與線上宣傳。

CADE總監強調,若企業希望按照大豆禁伐令標準購買亞馬遜地區生產的大豆,必須獨立操作並遵守國家法律。

評論與見解

這次CADE對大豆禁伐令的強硬態度,顯示出巴西在環境保護與經濟利益之間的矛盾愈發尖銳。大豆禁伐令作為一項自願性行業協議,長久以來被視為保護亞馬遜雨林的重要工具,但監管機構現在卻質疑其合法性與透明度,甚至威脅以重罰強制終止,反映出巴西政府及監管機構可能正面臨來自農業大戶和出口企業的巨大壓力。

從環保角度看,亞馬遜雨林的保護至關重要,任何削弱禁伐令的措施都可能導致森林砍伐加劇,進一步加劇氣候變化問題。但從農戶和貿易商的立場,禁伐令可能限制了他們的生產自由和市場競爭力,特別是對那些環保合規的農戶而言,這種限制可能不公平。

CADE要求終止大豆禁伐令的商業信息分享,可能是擔憂該協議存在壟斷或不公平競爭的成分,這一點值得關注。這也提示我們,環保政策必須與市場監管並重,避免環保協議成為壟斷工具或阻礙市場公平競爭。

未來,巴西如何在保護亞馬遜與維護農業出口利益間取得平衡,將成為全球環保與經濟發展的一大焦點。這起事件也提醒我們,環保自願協議若缺乏法律支持和透明監管,易被政治和商業利益所左右,失去初衷。

對香港及全球投資者而言,這類環境政策變動不僅影響相關企業的營運風險,也反映出全球供應鏈中環保合規日益重要的趨勢,投資決策需更謹慎考慮可持續發展因素。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

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Outfit: An oversized red knit sweater with white hearts, exactly as described in the prompt.
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described in the prompt. Background: Not specified. Use the original face exactly as it is, without changing a details. A hyper-realistic, highly detailed portrait of a beautiful woman in a 1950s/Pin-Up style, evoking the essence of a classic Hollywood starlet on a glamorous vacation.
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