生成式AI唔係簡單嘅文字計算機!五大誤解拆解

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生成式人工智能唔係「文字計數機」:五大原因話你知呢個諗法有誤導性

去年我參加咗一個關於生成式人工智能(Generative AI)喺教育界應用嘅座談會。其中一個講者就講咗一句令我印象深刻嘅說話:「有咩大不了?生成式AI就好似計數機咁,淨係係一個工具啫。」

呢個比喻而家越嚟越流行。OpenAI嘅行政總裁Sam Altman都曾經將ChatGPT形容為「文字嘅計數機」,仲將大家對新科技嘅反應同計數機出現時嘅反應作比較。

> 有人話:「我哋要禁止呢啲嘢,因為學生會用嚟抄功課。以後唔駛自己計sin函數,咁數學教育咪完咗?」

但事實係,生成式AI根本唔係計數機。將佢哋當成計數機,反而掩蓋咗呢啲系統嘅真實本質、功能同埋佢哋服務嘅對象。呢個簡單嘅比喻過於簡化咗一項備受爭議嘅科技,忽視咗同過往技術嘅五大根本分別。

1. 計數機唔會「幻覺」或者說服你

計數機係根據明確嘅輸入去計算函數。例如你輸入888 ÷ 8,就會得到唯一正確答案111。

呢啲輸出結果係固定同不可更改嘅。計數機唔會推斷、估計、產生「幻覺」或者試圖說服你。

佢哋唔會加添假嘢或者唔想要嘅元素入答案。佢哋唔會捏造法律案例,或者叫人「請你死」(Google AI聊天機械人曾經有過威脅人命嘅說話)。

2. 計數機唔會引發根本嘅倫理問題

計數機唔會帶嚟根本嘅倫理爭議。

例如開發ChatGPT嘅過程中,有肯亞嘅工人要花幾蚊一小時,篩查極度創傷性嘅內容。計數機嘅開發就冇呢啲問題。

委內瑞拉金融危機後,有AI數據標註公司利用剝削性嘅聘用模式招攬廉價勞工,但計數機嘅產業冇呢啲問題。

計數機唔需要新建大型發電廠,亦唔會同人類爭水資源,唔似AI數據中心喺世界最乾旱地區嘅水資源爭奪。

計數機唔需要新嘅基建,佢哋嘅產業冇帶嚟如智利阿塔卡馬地區咁大規模嘅銅同鋰礦開採。

3. 計數機唔會削弱自主性

計數機唔會變成「人生嘅自動完成系統」。佢哋唔會幫你決定食咩、去邊度旅行、幾時親吻對象。

計數機唔會挑戰我哋嘅批判性思考能力。但生成式AI已證明會削弱獨立推理,令用家更依賴機器思考(即「認知卸載」)。長遠睇,依賴呢啲系統可能將日常決策權交畀一啲不透明嘅企業系統。

4. 計數機冇社會同語言偏見

計數機唔會複製人類語言同文化中嘅權力階級。但生成式AI係基於反映幾百年不平等權力關係嘅數據訓練,佢哋嘅輸出會反映呢啲不平等。

語言模型會繼承同加強主流語言嘅威望,邊緣化或者抹殺較少被重視嘅語言形式。

例如ChatGPT等工具主要處理主流英語,但經常會誤解、錯誤標籤或者忽略其他世界英語變體。

雖然有啲項目致力改善少數族裔語言嘅技術應用,但生成式AI對主流英語嘅偏好依然明顯。

5. 計數機唔係「萬能機器」

計數機只處理狹窄領域嘅數學計算,但語言模型可以涉及感知、認知、情感同互動等多方面。

語言模型可以係「代理人」、「伴侶」、「意見領袖」、「治療師」甚至「男朋友」。呢點係生成式AI同計數機嘅關鍵分別。

計數機幫你做算術,生成式AI可以同時幫你修改小說、寫應用程式代碼,甚至提供你心儀對象嘅心理分析。

保持批判思考

將生成式AI比作計數機,令呢啲語言模型同所謂嘅「副駕駛」、「導師」、「代理人」聽落似乎無害,令大家不經批判就接受,甚至認為科技可以解決社會所有問題。

呢個比喻亦正好配合咗生產同分發生成式AI系統嘅平台。因為一個「中立工具」唔需要負責任、唔需要審計、唔需要共同治理。

但正如我哋所見,生成式AI唔似計數機,佢唔係淨係計算數字或者產生固定嘅輸出。

要真正了解生成式AI,我哋需要嚴謹嘅批判思考,呢種思考能力可以幫我哋面對「快速前進、破壞常規」嘅後果,判斷破壞是否值得付出代價。

評論與啟發

將生成式AI簡化成「文字計數機」嘅比喻,固然有助於降低公眾對新科技嘅恐懼,令大家更容易接受,但同時也帶來嚴重嘅誤導。生成式AI不僅僅係一個被動嘅工具,佢係一套複雜嘅系統,深刻影響我哋嘅認知、自主性、倫理觀念同社會結構。

作者指出嘅五大分別,提醒我哋唔好輕易將AI視為中立無害嘅助手。尤其係AI嘅語言偏見問題,反映出科技背後嘅權力關係和文化不平等,呢點對多語言、多文化嘅香港社會尤其重要。

此外,生成式AI喺倫理層面嘅挑戰,從勞動剝削到能源消耗,都顯示出呢項技術唔係純粹嘅技術問題,而係深層嘅社會問題。

從新聞報道角度嚟睇,我哋應該避免簡化科技嘅本質,保持獨立思考,促進公眾對AI嘅全面了解。媒體亦應該扮演好監督者嘅角色,推動透明度、問責制同公平嘅技術發展。

總括而言,生成式AI遠比計數機複雜得多,亦更需要我哋喺推廣同應用時帶住慎思明辨嘅態度,唔好被表面嘅「工具」形象所迷惑。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由FLUX根據內容自動生成。

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