以太坊MEV套利越來越集中,對去中心化構成威脅

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MEV套利者在以太坊上日益集中化 — 研究
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最新研究顯示,利用集中式和去中心化加密交易所之間價格差異的套利者正在損害網絡的去中心化。

根據一份近期的研究報告,這些被稱為“搜尋者”的套利者越來越多地與負責以太坊網絡區塊構建的最大可提取價值(MEV)建設者簽訂獨家合約或內部合作。

MEV是指區塊鏈驗證者或其他參與者通過在交易被最終確認之前重新排序交易而獲得的利潤。在以太坊上,MEV通常涉及套利、前置交易或夾擊攻擊等策略,交易者利用價格差異來最大化收益。

這份名為《測量CEX-DEX提取價值及搜尋者盈利能力:MEV黑暗森林的最深處》的論文探討了套利者如何利用集中式(CEX)和去中心化(DEX)加密交易所之間的價格差異,並在此過程中前置較小的用戶。

“截至撰寫時,三家建設者beaverbuild、Titan和rsync主導了以太坊建設者市場,其中兩家還垂直整合了自己的CEX-DEX搜尋者,”該報告的作者寫道。他們接著指出:

> “這種垂直整合對以太坊的去中心化和安全性提出了重要的擔憂:它促進了強者的規模經濟,導致壟斷定價,並增加了對審查和承諾攻擊的脆弱性。”

研究人員總結道,通過與區塊建設者的獨家協議,CEX-DEX套利的集中化加劇了以太坊生態系統內的“集中壓力”,在規劃這一層級網絡的未來方向和增長時必須予以考慮。

MEV:以太坊網絡的持久挑戰
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根據以太坊的提議者-建設者分離(PBS)機制,區塊提議者可以將區塊建設外包給被稱為建設者的實體。這一安排旨在促進抵抗審查。

然而,包括該研究報告的作者在內的PBS批評者認為,這使網絡集中化,並為較小的參與者創造了不公平的市場條件。

在三月,匿名以太坊研究員Malik672提出,應該讓以太坊的區塊建設民主化,讓數千名參與者能夠參與區塊建設以增強網絡的去中心化。

“目前80%的區塊由僅僅兩個實體提議。這妨礙了去中心化和公平性,”研究人員寫道。

以太坊聯合創始人Vitalik Buterin此前曾建議通過建立替代基礎設施來減輕MEV問題,包括加密交易所。

Buterin還表示,通過切斷MEV套利者依賴的鏈上數據,可以最小化MEV,讓他們無法從複雜的交易和交易重新排序中獲利。

這項研究揭示了以太坊生態系統面臨的嚴重挑戰,尤其是在去中心化的核心理念受到威脅的情況下。隨著越來越多的交易和價值被集中在少數幾個大型實體手中,這不僅會影響市場的公平性,還可能導致更大的安全風險。未來,如何平衡效率與去中心化,將是以太坊及其他區塊鏈平台必須面對的重大課題。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由FLUX根據內容自動生成。

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