日本調查中台不銹鋼產品傾銷問題




日本展開反傾銷調查,針對中國及台灣進口鎳基不銹鋼冷軋鋼板鋼帶

日本經濟產業省及財務省於週二宣布,已對自中國及台灣進口的鎳基不銹鋼冷軋鋼板及鋼帶展開反傾銷調查。此舉源於日本鋼鐵企業,包括日本製鐵(Nippon Steel)於5月12日提出的申訴,指國內需求疲弱,買家轉向較廉價的進口貨品,導致本地廠商被迫降價。

經濟產業省與財務省計劃於一年內完成調查,屆時將決定是否對涉案產品徵收反傾銷稅。根據鋼鐵企業提交的申請,指進口產品在日本的售價比中國出廠價格低20%至50%,比台灣低3%至20%。日本鋼企聲稱,因成本上升未能反映在售價,導致營運利潤下滑及其他損害。

中國鋼企的過度產能及出口問題,已成為國際關注焦點。日本是多個批評中國企業接受政府補貼以生產過剩鋼材,並以低價出口,惡化全球市場狀況的國家之一。雖然其他國家已對中國鋼材採取反傾銷或類似措施,日本迄今尚未跟進。

日本鐵鋼聯合會主席兼日本製鐵社長今井忠志多次警告,全球保護主義抬頭,或令日本面臨廉價進口鋼材的衝擊,損害本土生產。

台灣經濟部在回覆路透社的聲明中指,對此類案件會協助受影響企業應對,以保障出口利益。中國商務部暫未對此事作出回應。

評論與啟示

日本此次針對中國及台灣的不銹鋼產品展開反傾銷調查,反映出全球鋼鐵市場競爭日益激烈,尤其在中國大陸產能過剩且政府補貼支持下,廉價出口鋼材對其他國家產業造成嚴重壓力。日本作為全球主要鋼鐵生產國之一,過去一直較為謹慎採取貿易保護措施,這次正式啟動反傾銷調查,顯示其對國內產業保護的態度轉趨強硬。

從更宏觀角度看,這反映出全球貿易環境的複雜性與不確定性。中國的產能過剩問題不僅影響本國經濟結構調整,也引發國際市場的連鎖反應。多國對中國鋼鐵出口採取限制措施,容易激化貿易摩擦,甚至引發更廣泛的保護主義浪潮。

對香港及本地企業而言,這樣的國際動態提醒我們在全球供應鏈中需保持高度警覺,並靈活調整策略。隨著各國保護主義抬頭,依賴廉價進口的模式可能面臨挑戰,提升本地產業附加值和創新能力將是長遠之計。同時,政府在制定政策時也需平衡保護本土產業與維持市場開放的關係,避免陷入無謂的貿易糾紛。

總括而言,日本的反傾銷調查不僅是對中國及台灣鋼鐵出口的直接回應,更是全球鋼鐵市場格局變動的一個縮影,值得業界與政策制定者深思及持續關注。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

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Prompt (Enhanced, Artistic & Detailed):

A young Asian female inspired by "Imada Mio's" delicate doll-like aesthetic (精緻洋娃娃臉), featuring extraordinarily large, round, and soulful eyes with subtle brown irises, framed by long fluttering lashes. Her face is petite and exquisitely shaped with a defined V-line jaw, soft rosy cheeks flushed with youthful vitality, and plush, natural lips softly parted in a gentle, innocent yet slightly flirtatious expression. Her complexion is luminous and porcelain-smooth.

Her hair is long, dark chocolate brown, and styled in an artfully messy “just woke up” look (剛睡醒的凌亂感), with tousled waves and a touch of natural volume that frames her face and cascades down her shoulders, effortlessly blending wildness and charm.

She wears an oversized, semi-sheer white button-down shirt in a borrowed-from-the-boyfriend style (男友風白襯衫); the shirt slips loosely off her slim shoulders, unbuttoned at the top to reveal graceful collarbones and a hint of décolleté. The hem of the shirt falls mid-thigh, creating a tasteful "bottomless" look (下衣失蹤風格), her bare legs just visible beneath the diaphanous fabric, enhancing a pure yet subtly sexy visual impact.

The image is rendered with a high-key, natural daylight aesthetic reminiscent of Japanese gravure photobooks (寫真集風格): bright, airy lighting softly illuminates her features, casting gentle highlights and diffuse shadows for a dreamy, ethereal effect. Skin is rendered creamy and velvety with impeccable smoothness. The color palette echoes Fujifilm PRO 400H—soft, milky tones with delicate pastels, gentle greens, natural skin, and a nostalgic film grain that adds warmth and authenticity, evoking an elegant, fresh, and intimate atmosphere.

She is posed naturally, perhaps seated on light bed linens or by a sunlit window, exuding a blend of youthful innocence, pure allure, and quiet confidence. Hyper-detailed, cinematic composition, fine-tuned for photorealism yet with a subtle artistic charm. [Enhanced Artistic Prompt]

A highly detailed portrait of a young Asian woman inspired by the delicate, doll-like beauty of Imada Mio (精緻洋娃娃臉). She has large, round, luminous eyes with a deep, expressive gaze, a petite V-shaped face, full rosy cheeks, and porcelain-soft skin. Her expression is a captivating blend of innocence, youthful energy, and subtle flirtation, capturing an aura of pure allure.

Her hair is long, dark chocolate brown, with natural volume and texture—slightly tousled in an artful, “just woke up” messy style (剛睡醒的凌亂感), with soft strands falling over her face and shoulders. She wears an oversized, semi-translucent white button-down boyfriend shirt (男友風白襯衫), loosely draped and unbuttoned at the top, elegantly revealing her collarbones and creating a “bottomless” fashion look (下衣失蹤風格) with a sense of relaxed intimacy.

The overall aesthetic is reminiscent of a contemporary Japanese Gravure photobook (寫真集風格), evoking both pure charm and subtle sensuality (Pure & Sexy vibe). Use bright, high-key natural lighting to create a soft, ethereal glow, with smooth, radiant skin texture. Emphasize pastel color grading and gentle film grain, referencing the signature look of Fujifilm PRO 400H for a dreamy, cinematic finish. Compose the image artistically, focusing on beauty, mood, and expressive detail, as if captured in a candid, intimate moment.

— full body or mid-length portrait, shallow depth of field, delicate highlights, softly blurred minimalist background, inviting eyes, tasteful and elegant composition. {
"intro": "Create an ultra realistic 8K UHD DSLR photo based on the attached image as a reference of facial features, maintaining 100% likeness.",

"subject": {
"identity": "A stylish beautiful woman portrayed as Cleopatra during her sacred milk bath beauty ritual, embodying divine femininity, sensual elegance, and timeless power.",
"angle": "Close-up beauty editorial captured at a refined 3/4 angle, focusing on her face, shoulders, and upper chest with extreme clarity and no blur.",
"pose": {
"body_position": "She is partially submerged in a luxurious milk bath, her shoulders and collarbones emerging gracefully from the surface.",
"hands": "One hand gently rests at the edge of the bath with milk droplets on her fingers, while the other lightly touches her neck adorned with subtle gold jewelry.",
"expression": "Soft yet commanding gaze directed toward the camera—calm, confident, intimate, and hypnotic."
}
},

"appearance": {
"outfit": "A barely-there, ritual-style ivory silk drape partially submerged in the milk bath, clinging softly to her skin. The fabric is delicate and translucent, edged with fine gold-thread embroidery for a sensual, sacred aesthetic.",
"accessories": "Minimal ritual jewelry—thin gold collar necklace resting above the milk surface, delicate arm cuff, subtle finger ring—kept refined to maintain focus on beauty and skin.",
"hair": "Her hair is sleek and ritual-polished, partially damp and slicked back at the crown, with soft wet strands framing her face naturally, reflecting candlelight.",
"makeup": "High-fashion Cleopatra beauty makeup with ceremonial artistry—perfectly sculpted brows, elongated black kohl eyeliner, vibrant eyeshadow layered in turquoise, teal, emerald, sapphire blue, and metallic gold. Beneath the eyes, subtle artistic ink-inspired accents echo ancient Egyptian symbolism. Her skin is luminous and dewy, cheeks softly flushed, and lips finished in a nude-rose satin sheen."
},

"ritual_props": {
"bath": "A carved alabaster bathtub filled with warm milk infused with honey, almond oil, and lotus essence.",
"floating_elements": [
"Fresh lotus flowers",
"Soft white rose petals",
"Delicate gold flakes shimmering on the milk surface"
],
"beauty_products": [
"Small golden perfume vial with lotus and myrrh oil",
"Alabaster bowl of honey and milk mixture",
"Clay jar of mineral kohl and pigment powders"
]
},

"background": {
"macro_environment": "An intimate royal bathing chamber within Cleopatra’s palace, designed as a sacred beauty sanctuary.",
"midground_details": "Soft linen curtains, glowing oil lamps, tall candles, and subtle steam rising from the bath, creating a warm and sensual atmosphere.",
"micro_elements": "Milk ripples around her skin, floating petals touching her shoulders, tiny droplets of moisture on her collarbones, reflections of candle flames on gold jewelry, visible stone texture on the tub, and delicate fabric translucency—every detail sharply rendered with zero blur."
},

"lighting": {
"type": "Warm cinematic candlelight combined with soft ambient palace glow.",
"effect": "Golden highlights sculpt her face and skin while gentle shadows enhance depth, intimacy, and divine beauty."
},

"camera": {
"camera_type": "DSLR",
"resolution": "8K UHD",
"lens": "85mm prime lens for beauty editorial compression",
"aperture": "f/8 for maximum facial and detail sharpness",
"iso": 100,
"shutter_speed": "1/160s",
"focus": "Extreme sharp focus on facial features, skin texture, makeup details, and milk surface, no bokeh, no blur"
},

"style": "Luxury beauty editorial, sacred milk bath ritual, ancient Egyptian goddess realism, intimate yet powerful, ultra-detailed, luminous skin focus, cinematic elegance"
}