瑞銀將環球音樂集團評級由「買入」調降至「中性」

瑞銀環球研究最新報告指,環球音樂集團(Universal Music Group,簡稱UMG)雖然於2025年初表現強勁及串流業務前景改善,但這些利好因素已反映於股價中,因此將其評級由「買入」調降至「中性」。

UMG今年以美元計股價迄今已上升24%,成功從去年第二季的低迷中反彈。公司與Spotify及亞馬遜簽訂的「串流2.0」合作協議,加上付費串流用戶數量加速增長,令市場對其前景保持樂觀。

瑞銀仍看好UMG長遠增長潛力,特別是其2023年至2028年期間目標達到年複合息稅折舊攤銷前利潤(EBITDA)增長超過10%。不過,瑞銀認為這些增長潛力已充分反映在現時的股價中。

此次調降評級的主要原因是估值過高。UMG預計2025年自由現金流收益率約3.0%,與RELX(2.9%)相若,但較Wolters Kluwer(3.8%)為低。瑞銀維持12個月目標價30歐元,6月24日收市價為27.40歐元。

瑞銀分析師指出,UMG第二季度業績將於7月22日公布,股價短期或有下行風險。雖然市場預測付費串流收入將較去年增長8%,但UMG預計2025年上半年自由現金流及EBITDA利潤率將下滑。

這主要因為公司2024年承諾支付的19.7億歐元預付款中,僅回收14.5億歐元,導致現金流出延遲。瑞銀亦提到,根據其HOLT模型,UMG的現金流回報率(CFROI)將由2024年的17%降至14%,2025年預料會進一步惡化。

此外,UMG持有Spotify約3.2%股權,但未有來自該部分的股息收入,加上持續進行但回報不明朗的併購活動,令投資者對其資本運用存疑。

UMG的營運槓桿表現疲弱,自2019年以來,只有約23%的額外收入轉化為報告的EBITDA,而2024年調整後EBITDA轉自由現金流的比率為53%,低於過往平均62%。

儘管UMG新任財務總監Matt Ellis剛加入,瑞銀暫未見資本配置策略有明顯轉變。不過,分析師模擬了若UMG出售Spotify股權、停止併購並專注提升利潤率的情況,預計CFROI可提升至2028年的22.3%,股價合理價值可達29.78歐元,約較現價高8%。

不過,瑞銀認為,目前管理層未有改變策略跡象,短期內UMG股價屬合理估值。

編者評論:

瑞銀此次調整評級,反映出市場對UMG的成長預期已經相當樂觀,甚至部分利好消息已「消化」在股價中。這種情況在成長型股中並不罕見,當投資者過分聚焦於短期業績提升和新合作協議時,估值泡沫風險隨之增加。UMG雖然在數碼串流領域持續擴張,但其自由現金流回報率下降及營運槓桿疲弱,提醒我們不能只看收入增長,更要關注利潤質素和資本效率。

此外,UMG持有Spotify股權但未能帶來現金回報,加上持續的併購活動缺乏透明度,也讓投資者對資本配置產生疑慮。新任財務總監是否能帶來策略性改革,提升現金流回報率,將是未來觀察的重點。

從更廣泛角度看,音樂產業正經歷數碼轉型,串流平台競爭激烈,UMG如何在保持市場份額同時提升利潤率,是其未來成敗關鍵。投資者應警惕高估值背後的潛在風險,並密切關注公司資本運用策略的實際改變。

總結來說,UMG仍具長遠成長潛力,但眼下股價已反映多數利好,短期內或難見顯著超額回報。對香港投資者而言,保持謹慎、持續追蹤公司基本面變化,是更為穩健的投資態度。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

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Replace the words in the bottom by ‘tantamount Deco’ {
"intro": "Create an ultra realistic 8K UHD DSLR photo based on the attached image as a reference of facial features, maintaining 100% likeness.",

"subject": {
"identity": "A stylish beautiful woman portrayed as Cleopatra, the eternal Queen of Egypt, radiating supreme authority, elegance, and divine power.",
"angle": "Full-body editorial portrait captured at a cinematic 3/4 angle, both Cleopatra and the horse positioned diagonally, rendered in ultra-crisp clarity with no blur.",
"pose": {
"body_position": "She is riding a majestic white horse, seated confidently with impeccable royal posture, her torso slightly turned to a 3/4 angle to emphasize grace and dominance.",
"hands": "One hand gently holds the gold-accented reins, while the other rests elegantly near her waist, displaying ornate jewelry.",
"expression": "She looks directly at the camera with a calm, commanding, and seductive gaze—the unmistakable presence of a queen born to rule."
}
},

"appearance": {
"outfit": "An opulent, ultra-bongga Cleopatra couture gown in pristine white and radiant gold. The gown features a sculpted corset bodice richly embroidered with gold hieroglyphic motifs, sun-disk patterns, and crystal beadwork. Flowing white silk, chiffon, and sheer organza panels cascade dramatically from the waist and shoulders, creating powerful movement as she rides. A daring thigh-high slit reveals her leg, balancing sensuality with imperial elegance. Every seam is traced with gold-thread embroidery for a luminous, goddess-like silhouette.",
"accessories": "She wears the exact Cleopatra headpiece from the attached reference image: a regal black-and-gold striped nemes-style headdress with a polished gold cobra (uraeus) centerpiece at the forehead, structured side panels, and intricate gold detailing. Paired with a wide Egyptian collar necklace with turquoise accents, engraved gold arm cuffs, crystal finger rings, an ornate gold waist belt, delicate anklets, and elegant flat Egyptian sandals.",
"hair": "Her hair is fully concealed beneath the nemes headpiece as shown in the reference image, ensuring perfect historical accuracy and symmetry.",
"makeup": "Ultra-bold, highly colorful Egyptian eye makeup with ceremonial ink artistry. Her eyes feature sharp elongated black kohl eyeliner extended dramatically past the outer corners, layered with vivid turquoise, teal, emerald green, sapphire blue, violet, and metallic gold pigments blended in high-fashion gradients. Beneath each eye, intricate hand-drawn ink designs inspired by ancient Egyptian symbolism are visible—fine black and gold lines, dots, and sacred motifs echoing hieroglyphs and protective markings, following the natural curve of the lower eye and cheekbone. Her complexion is flawless and softly bronzed with luminous highlights, brows are sculpted and powerful, cheeks carry a subtle coral-rose flush, and lips are finished in a refined nude-rose satin tone to balance the intense, artistic eye look."
},

"props": {
"animal": "A powerful, majestic white horse with a flowing ivory mane, sculpted muscles, and intelligent dark eyes. The horse wears elegant white-and-gold tack engraved with Egyptian motifs, symbolizing royal conquest, divine favor, and sovereignty."
},

"background": {
"macro_environment": "A vast open desert landscape near the Egyptian palace and pyramids at golden hour, stretching endlessly beneath a dramatic sky glowing with gold, amber, and soft ivory tones.",
"midground_details": "Distant pyramids rising from the sand, monumental stone statues, ceremonial banners moving in the wind, and faint silhouettes of royal guards and attendants placed far behind for scale.",
"micro_elements": "Fine desert sand lifted by the horse’s movement, sharply defined gold engravings on the reins, visible embroidery threads on the gown, subtle translucency of sheer fabrics, radiant light reflections on gold surfaces, and crisp, realistic shadows—everything rendered with extreme clarity and zero blur."
},

"lighting": {
"type": "Cinematic natural golden-hour lighting with soft reflective highlights.",
"effect": "Warm sunlight intensifies the white-and-gold palette, ignites the vibrant eye makeup colors and ink details, and illuminates the horse’s coat, creating a radiant, divine, editorial glow."
},

"camera": {
"camera_type": "DSLR",
"resolution": "8K UHD",
"lens": "50mm prime lens",
"aperture": "f/8 for maximum sharpness across subject and background",
"iso": 100,
"shutter_speed": "1/250s to freeze motion while maintaining realism",
"focus": "Extreme sharp focus from foreground to background, no bokeh, no blur"
},

"style": "High-fashion editorial, cinematic realism, divine Egyptian royalty, white-and-gold couture contrasted with vibrant ceremonial eye art, powerful, sensual, ultra-detailed, sharp, majestic"
} A confident me as Supergirl stands full-body in a dramatic pose, hands in trench coat pockets,dark sunglasses. Her iconic blue-and-red suit with the “S” shield is partially revealed beneath a rust-colored cinematic trench coat, suggesting a hidden identity.
High-contrast, dramatic cinematic lighting with strong rim light and deep shadows, volumetric light beams, subtle haze. Filmic color grading, rich contrast, blockbuster trailer mood.A layered, semi-transparent 3D wall of floating social media comments and UI elements, softly glowing and receding in depth, surrounding her like digital echoes of hype. The comments are overwhelmingly positive and excited, featuring user profiles, likes, and hype text (e.g., 'PERFECT casting,' 'SO EXCITED,' 
High-contrast studio lighting ,Strong contrast between the realistic 3D figure and the flat 2D collage.