529計劃大變革:Gen Z唔淨係儲大學學費!

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新529計劃規則容許Z世代投資職業發展,而非單純大學教育——反映教育領域的重大轉變

529儲蓄帳戶原本是為教育支出設計的稅務優惠儲蓄計劃,最近的立法大幅擴闊了其用途。自2025年7月起,隨著《One Big Beautiful Bill Act》(OBBBA)的通過,529資金現可用於更廣泛的教育及相關支出。

這些變化反映了教育領域的深刻轉型,因為越來越多Z世代拒絕傳統四年制大學學位,也避免了隨之而來的學生貸款債務。相反地,他們更傾向學習技術工藝,或從創作者經濟中獲益。

2025年主要特點及立法更新:

擴展K–12合資格支出:過往529帳戶只能用於K–12學費(每年最高1萬美元),但現可涵蓋書本、網上教育材料、考試費用(如SAT/ACT)、雙重註冊費、合資格專業導師的補習費,以及針對有特殊需要學生的教育療法。自2026年1月1日起,K–12相關支出年度上限將提高至2萬美元。

擴大大專及職業用途:除傳統大學費用外,529資金亦可用於成人學習者及轉行人士的資格認證課程,包括專業執照、證書(包括註冊學徒制)及持續教育課程,如汽車維修或食品安全等領域。所涵蓋的認證包括聯邦計劃及軍事職業提升資源。

529轉入Roth IRA:根據2024年生效的SECURE 2.0法案,最高可將3.5萬美元未用的529資金轉入受益人的Roth IRA,須符合年度Roth供款限額及帳戶開立至少15年等條件。此舉讓家庭避免因未用完資金而受罰。

其他變更與靈活性:529資金亦可用於學生貸款還款(有上限)、支付公立、私立或宗教學校的K–12及高等教育費用,並支持更廣泛的個人教育及發展需求。

影響與意義:

– 529帳戶不再僅是大學儲蓄計劃,而是多功能的教育儲蓄工具,能配合多元學術及職業需求。這種靈活性反映了現代教育的多樣化實況,適應學生選擇非傳統後中學培訓路徑及成人轉職。

– 更新後的規則為家庭提供更明確的規劃保障,特別是為可能走非傳統教育或職業路線的子女儲蓄。

注意事項:

– 關於合資格支出、供款及轉帳限額,以及各州規定仍有差異,建議有意利用新規則者諮詢稅務專家或理財顧問。

– 擴展規定的實施細節(如生效日期及監管指引)截至2025年7月仍在陸續公布。

總括而言,529帳戶已演變成多元化、稅務優惠的教育及職業發展儲蓄工具,國會近期的立法改變使其更廣泛適用,對美國家庭及個人帶來更大好處。

評論與啟示:

這次529計劃的改革,正好反映了Z世代對教育與職業發展的全新態度。傳統的大學學位不再是唯一成功之路,年輕一代更注重技能培訓及靈活多變的職業發展,這是對過去“讀大學=成功”定律的挑戰。政府透過擴大529帳戶的用途,實際上是承認了這種教育生態的多元化,讓資金能更有效地配合個人發展需求。

這亦是教育公平的一大進步,因為技能培訓及職業認證常被視為較難以負擔的投資項目,稅務優惠的擴大,有助減輕家庭負擔,激勵更多年輕人探索多元發展路徑。再加上529轉Roth IRA的機制,令資金使用更靈活,減少浪費。

對香港來說,雖然本地沒有完全對應的529計劃,但這種趨勢值得借鏡。隨著社會對技能教育及非傳統學習路徑的認可提升,政府及教育機構應思考如何提供更多彈性資助及支援,鼓勵年輕人根據自身興趣與市場需求作出選擇,避免過度依賴傳統學歷,促進多元就業生態。

此外,金融機構和理財顧問亦應加強對新一代的教育及職業理財規劃指導,幫助他們合理利用各種儲蓄及投資工具,為未來職業道路做好準備。這場教育與財務規劃的革命,正是迎合時代變遷的必然之選。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由FLUX根據內容自動生成。

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