2026年起48地區加強加密貨幣稅務監管




CARF稅務規定將於1月1日生效:加密貨幣用戶與交易所需知事項

由2026年1月1日起,包括英國及歐盟在內的48個司法管轄區,將開始實施經濟合作與發展組織(OECD)推出的加密資產報告框架(Crypto-Asset Reporting Framework,簡稱CARF)。這些地區的加密貨幣交易所和平台將被要求收集標準化的數據,包括用戶的稅務居住地資訊,並向本國稅務機關報告用戶的賬戶餘額和交易情況,這些資料將根據現有的資訊交換協議跨境共享。

國際律師事務所Walkers的合夥人兼全球監管及風險諮詢組負責人Lucy Frew向Cointelegraph表示,CARF是一個「遊戲規則改變者」,將徹底改變數字資產企業與用戶的合規環境。實際上,這意味著用戶在開戶時需要回答更嚴格的問題,賬戶審查將更頻繁,用戶不能再假設在海外或離岸平台上的活動不會被稅務機關察覺。她補充說,現在積極應對的企業能更好地管理風險並維持信任,而拖延的公司則可能面臨監管和聲譽的雙重打擊。

交易所面臨結構性變革

對加密貨幣交易所而言,CARF不僅是表面上的合規更新,而是結構上的根本改變。交易所需將CARF規定整合進現有的「了解你的客戶」(KYC)及反洗錢(AML)流程,重新設計用戶註冊流程以收集稅務居住地和自我證明資料,並建立或升級報告系統。

這將需要新的治理框架、員工培訓,以及合規、技術與客服團隊之間更緊密的協作,尤其是對於同時運營於多個CARF和非CARF司法管轄區的平台來說更具挑戰。

以英國持牌交易所CoinJar為例,CEO兼聯合創辦人Asher Tan指出,隨著CARF規定逐步實施,用戶將被要求提供更多稅務居住地資料。他認為,挑戰在於如何在滿足監管要求的同時,保持平台的清晰度、信任感和用戶友好體驗。對於受監管的平台而言,這種平衡甚至可能成為競爭優勢,因為隨著加密貨幣進一步融入主流金融體系,投資者會更傾向於選擇合規的平台進行交易。

散戶用戶面臨審計風險上升

對於散戶用戶來說,CARF帶來的主要影響是審計風險的顯著增加,而非新增稅務負擔。英國的會計師事務所The Bitcoin & Crypto Accountant表示,CARF本身不會創造新的稅務責任,而是使現有規則更容易被執行。從2026年起,英國稅務及海關總署(HMRC)將直接從交易所,包括海外平台,獲取標準化且機器可讀的數據,這將大大提高稅務申報與交易所數據不符的識別效率。

他指出,常見的問題不僅是故意逃稅,更多是用戶遺漏申報,例如未報告海外交易所的活動、頻繁的小額處置被誤認為無關緊要,以及去中心化金融(DeFi)或非同質化代幣(NFT)交易的錯誤申報或漏報。他呼籲英國用戶儘早採取行動:「雖然報告從2026年開始,但這些數據必將被用來追溯過去的申報不符情況。任何有未解決問題的人應該趁著自願披露仍可行時及早處理。」

評論與分析

CARF的實施標誌著全球加密貨幣監管邁向更高透明度和合規性的時代,這對於整個行業的健康發展既是挑戰也是機遇。對交易所而言,這不僅是技術和流程的升級,更是企業治理和風險管理的全面提升。能夠在合規與用戶體驗間找到平衡的平台,將更有可能贏得市場信任,進一步推動加密貨幣走向主流金融體系。

另一方面,對散戶用戶而言,CARF的推行提醒大家:加密貨幣投資不再是「隱形」的避稅天堂。稅務機關透過跨境數據共享,將大幅提高追蹤和審計能力,投資者必須更加謹慎且主動合規。這也倒逼市場參與者提升財務透明度和教育水平,避免因疏忽而遭受稅務風險。

從香港角度看,雖然本地尚未全面實施CARF,但隨著全球趨勢明朗,香港作為國際金融中心及加密貨幣活躍地區,亦需密切關注相關政策動向,及早準備配套措施,保障本地投資者利益並維持市場競爭力。未來,CARF或將成為全球加密貨幣合規的基準,對行業生態產生深遠影響。

以上文章由GPT 所翻譯及撰寫。圖片由Gemini 根據內容自動生成。

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