鮑威爾鴿派驚喜 美元持續走弱風暴




美元因鮑威爾鴿派言論持續走軟

美國聯儲局主席鮑威爾於週五在Jackson Hole研討會上的講話呈現明顯鴿派基調,令美元承壓,導致截至8月22日止當週美元進一步走弱。鮑威爾在講話中暗示,利率下調可能即將來臨。

截至2025年8月22日止當週,美元兌歐元、日圓、瑞典克朗及瑞士法郎均走軟,但對英鎊、澳元以及加元則有所走強。衡量美元對六種貨幣強弱的美元指數也錄得跌幅。由於市場高度期待鮑威爾於Jackson Hole的演說,匯率波動劇烈,尤其是週五當天。

美元指數於8月22日當週下跌0.13%,由8月15日收盤的97.85先升至週四的98.62,但週五波動劇烈,最高觸及98.83,最低跌至97.56,最終收於97.72,市場對9月美聯儲降息的預期升溫。

鮑威爾在講話中指出,短期內通脹風險偏向上行,失業風險則偏向下行,這種情況下貨幣政策需在雙重目標間取得平衡。他表示,政策已處於限制性區域,基本展望及風險變化可能需要調整政策立場。由於政策利率比一年前更接近中性水平100個基點,且失業率及勞動市場指標保持穩定,美聯儲可以謹慎地考慮調整政策。

週三公布的聯邦公開市場委員會(FOMC)會議紀要顯示,美聯儲內部存在分歧,成員對關稅、通脹及勞動市場狀況表示擔憂。成員一致認為,今年上半年經濟活動增長有所放緩,失業率保持低位,勞動市場條件穩固,通脹仍偏高,且經濟前景不確定性依然較高,委員會關注雙重目標的風險。

美元的波動影響了主要貨幣對。歐元兌美元(EUR/USD)由8月15日的1.1698下跌至週四的1.1606,週五波動劇烈,最低1.1583,最高1.1744,最終以1.1717收盤,週漲幅0.16%。製造業PMI意外反彈,服務業PMI低於預期,消費者信心指數大幅下降,這些數據影響了歐元的市場情緒。

儘管美元因降息預期承壓,英鎊兌美元(GBP/USD)仍因財政風險而下滑0.18%,由1.3552跌至1.3527,週內高點1.3571,低點1.3389。數據顯示通脹高於預期,製造業PMI意外下降,服務業PMI高於預期。

澳元兌美元(AUD/USD)下跌0.26%,由週一的0.6526跌至週五的0.6414,最終收於0.6490。新西蘭儲備銀行週三宣布鴿派降息,加上Jackson Hole研討會前市場緊張情緒,影響澳元表現。

美元兌日圓(USD/JPY)下跌0.17%,由147.20跌至146.95,週五波動介乎148.79至146.57。鮑威爾鴿派言論與日本央行可能收緊貨幣政策形成對比。

儘管鮑威爾提及降息可能性,美元指數週一回升至97.92,高於週五收盤的97.72。市場已充分反映9月降息預期,但本週四將公布的GDP數據、週五的個人消費支出(PCE)通脹指標,以及下週的非農就業報告,料將成為貨幣市場焦點。

截至目前,EUR/USD由週五的1.1717降至1.1694,GBP/USD由1.3527降至1.3514,AUD/USD微升至0.6496,USD/JPY則從146.95升至147.33,反映市場對日本央行可能加息的預期。

評論與啟示

鮑威爾在Jackson Hole的講話顯示,美聯儲正面臨一個極為微妙的政策抉擇:一方面通脹壓力仍然存在,另一方面經濟增長和就業市場也有下行風險。這種情況下,美聯儲的鴿派語氣反映了希望為未來的降息鋪路,試圖避免過度緊縮帶來的經濟衰退風險。

美元的波動性加劇,凸顯全球市場對美聯儲政策走向的不確定性。美元指數在週五的劇烈震盪,反映了投資者在面對不明朗前景時的謹慎態度。儘管市場普遍預期9月會有降息,但仍需密切關注即將公布的經濟數據,這些數據將直接影響美聯儲未來的決策。

此外,美元與其他主要貨幣的走勢顯示,全球貨幣政策環境正進入一個更加分化的階段。美聯儲可能放鬆政策,而日本央行等其他央行則可能維持或收緊政策,這將導致匯率波動加劇,對跨國企業和投資者帶來挑戰。

對香港市場來說,美元走弱可能推動港元匯價波動,尤其是在聯繫匯率制度面臨壓力時。投資者應密切關注美聯儲的政策動向及全球經濟數據,以調整投資策略,應對可能的匯率風險。

總體而言,鮑威爾的鴿派表態雖短期內壓低美元,但市場的複雜反應提醒我們,貨幣政策的不確定性依然是未來金融市場的主旋律。投資者和政策制定者需保持警覺,靈活應對不斷變化的經濟環境。

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