鮑威爾暗示九月或降息 市場震盪在即




聯儲局主席鮑威爾在Jackson Hole演講 表示準備隨時調整利率

美國聯儲局主席鮑威爾(Jerome Powell)於懷俄明州Jackson Hole舉行的年度央行會議上發表備受關注的演說。這個會議歷來被視為決定未來一年貨幣政策走向的重要風向標。

鮑威爾在開場時表示,聯儲局準備好根據經濟情況調整政策方向。他指出:「風險平衡似乎正發生變化」,這句話被市場解讀為聯儲局可能準備在未來減息。

他提到,雖然勞動市場仍保持平衡,但這是一種「奇特的平衡」,因為勞動力供求雙方均明顯放緩。「這種不尋常的情況暗示就業面臨下行風險上升」,他補充道。

鮑威爾警告稱:「如果這些風險成真,可能會迅速以大規模裁員和失業率上升的形式出現。」

受此言論影響,交易員們加大了對聯儲局於9月減息的押注。此外,聯儲局也放棄了2020年推出的靈活平均通脹目標框架。

鮑威爾面對特朗普壓力

今年的演講時機關鍵,政策制定者正考慮自2025年以來首次可能的降息。在過去一年多,聯儲局維持利率不變,觀察關稅和高通脹對經濟的影響。

瑞銀策略師Mark Haefele指出,過去聯儲局主席經常利用Jackson Hole會議宣布貨幣政策調整。去年此時,鮑威爾就曾表示「政策調整的時刻來臨」,為當前的寬鬆周期開了綠燈。

過去數月,特朗普總統不斷公開施壓聯儲局降息,認為降息能刺激經濟增長,並減輕政府債務的利息負擔。近期他更要求聯儲局理事Lisa Cook辭職,指控她涉及抵押貸款欺詐,令政治干預升級。

不過,聯儲局迄今仍抵抗政治壓力,將聯邦基金利率維持在4.25%至4.5%的區間,接近過去20年來的高位,這是疫情後通脹急升時期的緊縮政策結果。

數週前,市場幾乎一致預期9月會議將降息,但這種信心已逐漸減弱。鮑威爾演講前,期貨市場預計降息25個基點的概率不到70%。

評論與分析:

鮑威爾這次演講的語氣和措辭非常微妙,既暗示了聯儲局對經濟下行風險的擔憂,也留下了政策靈活調整的空間。這種「故意模糊」的訊號正反映出聯儲局在通脹與就業之間搖擺的兩難境地。勞動市場雖然表面平衡,但需求和供給同步放緩,這種「平衡」其實充滿不確定性,暗藏潛在風險。

另一方面,鮑威爾面對來自特朗普的政治壓力,仍選擇保持獨立決策,展現了央行在政治干預和經濟現實間的微妙平衡。這也提醒市場,貨幣政策不應被短期政治因素左右,而應基於經濟數據和長遠目標。

對於香港投資者和讀者而言,這種美國貨幣政策走向直接影響港元匯率和本地金融市場波動。市場對降息的期待反映出全球經濟增長放緩的趨勢,投資者應保持警覺,審慎評估利率變動對資產配置的影響。

總括來說,鮑威爾的演講展現出聯儲局在當前複雜經濟環境中的謹慎與靈活,未來幾個月的經濟數據將是決定政策走向的關鍵。投資者應密切關注這些信號,做好相應準備。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

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