香港穩定幣嚴KYC規定恐阻市場普及




香港穩定幣新法嚴格客戶身份規定或阻礙數字貨幣普及及競爭力

香港(路透社)——業內消息指,香港新頒布的穩定幣法例中嚴格的客戶身份識別(KYC)規定,可能會阻礙該數字貨幣的普及,並削弱香港在全球數字金融市場的競爭力。

香港備受期待的穩定幣條例於8月1日正式生效,將香港定位為全球首批規管法幣支持穩定幣發行者的市場之一,為香港爭取成為虛擬資產樞紐的先機。

不過,最終定案的KYC規則要求發行者必須核實每位穩定幣持有者的身份,這與加密貨幣市場中追求的匿名性和私隱原則背道而馳,令業界感到措手不及。

香港的實際中央銀行——香港金融管理局(HKMA)強調,這些措施對防止洗錢及恐怖主義融資至關重要,監管機構希望在初期採取更審慎的態度。

市場人士警告,過高的審查標準可能會令使用者卻步。

香港科技大學金融研究所助理主任兼主管唐波指出:「這規定過於嚴格,不利於吸引用戶。」他解釋,若企業利用香港監管的穩定幣進行跨境支付,收款方必須在香港開戶通過KYC檢查,增加使用門檻。

唐波又表示,若穩定幣交易變成幾乎全面的實名制,便失去較傳統支付方式的效率和私隱優勢。

穩定幣屬於一種加密貨幣,設計目標是保持價值穩定,通常與美元等法定貨幣掛鈎。其底層區塊鏈技術讓資金能即時、無國界、全天候且低成本轉移,具有顛覆傳統日常資金流動及跨境支付系統的潛力。

有評論指,香港的KYC規則比美國更嚴格。美國總統特朗普今年7月簽署了專注於穩定幣的GENIUS法案,這是美國首個主要的加密貨幣法律。

香港本地加密交易者謝瑞奇指出:「不僅是對持有穩定幣賬戶者的KYC,而是對每位穩定幣持有者的KYC」,這可能令不少海外用戶因此退出。

市場觀察者預計,嚴格的合規要求或會排除大量依靠匿名「非託管錢包」交易的現有穩定幣用戶。

普華永道亞洲數字資產主管彼得·布魯因表示,獲HKMA監管的穩定幣主要用戶可能是利用其進行跨境匯款、貿易及支付的中國內地企業。

HKMA預計首批香港穩定幣發行牌照將於明年初發出,並強調只會發出「少量」牌照。

香港科技大學的唐波認為,HKMA的嚴格監管或是為了抑制香港投資者追逐穩定幣及數字資產相關概念股的投機熱潮。

部分高飛的穩定幣概念股,如眾安在線及明輝證券商品,在穩定幣條例生效後均回吐大部分漲幅。

評論與啟示

香港在全球率先立法監管穩定幣,顯示港府力圖搶佔數字金融領域先機。然而,條例中極為嚴苛的KYC要求,卻有可能成為雙刃劍:一方面加強金融安全與合規,防範洗錢與恐怖融資;另一方面卻可能削弱穩定幣本身的吸引力,尤其是其匿名性和便捷跨境轉賬的優勢。

這種「過度審查」的做法,或令香港在新興數字資產市場中失去用戶基礎,尤其是那些習慣使用非託管錢包、追求私隱的國際投資者和企業。相較之下,美國的監管雖然也加強,但似乎更注重平衡監管與市場發展。

香港金融管理局若能在保障金融安全與促進創新之間找到更靈活的平衡點,或許可避免過嚴規定扼殺市場活力。未來,如何制定既能防範風險又不犧牲用戶體驗的監管框架,將成為香港能否成為真正國際數字資產樞紐的關鍵。

此外,監管政策的透明度及業界溝通亦至關重要,讓市場參與者能及早調整策略,避免因規則突然收緊而導致投資信心受挫。香港若能吸取其他國家監管經驗,結合本地實際情況,制定出更具包容性的政策,將更有利於推動穩定幣及整體虛擬資產生態系統的健康發展。

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