韓企早獲警惕美簽證問題 逾300韓籍工人被捕Hyundai廠遭突襲




韓國企業早已獲警告涉美簽證問題 現場工人揭現代汽車工廠突襲事件前情況

首爾消息——據多名工人、政府官員及移民律師透露,儘管對美國移民執法趨嚴存有疑慮及收到警告,仍有不少韓國工人持可疑文件被派往美國工作,正是這種情況導致了上週美國當局突襲現代汽車在喬治亞州薩凡納附近的電池工廠。

長期以來,韓國企業一直反映難以為赴美高科技工廠的專才取得短期工作簽證,過去在美國政府較寬鬆的簽證規定下,企業多依賴一個模糊地帶的簽證政策。但隨着美國總統特朗普第二任期初期政策轉向,一些工人因持有的簽證身份不允許工作而被拒入境。

此次突襲行動中,美國國土安全部在現代汽車的電池廠共拘捕475人,其中超過300人為韓國籍,被捕者多為技術工人,他們多是以簽證豁免計劃或B-1商務旅客簽證身份赴美,這類簽證基本不允許從事工作。韓國電池工業協會副會長朴泰成表示:「取得H-1B簽證極為困難,這是電池工程師的必備簽證,因此部分人只能申請B-1簽證或電子旅行授權(ESTA)。」

一名現場工作者透露,這種繞過法律規定、持非工作簽證赴美工作的做法已成常態,儘管存在明顯風險。該人士因事涉敏感,要求匿名。他坦言:「這是明顯的紅旗,但他們仍冒險違法工作。」

此事震驚韓國社會,雖然工人早前已表達對特朗普政府移民政策收緊的擔憂,擔心自己成為中美貿易與關稅談判的犧牲品。

一名曾與被捕工人共事的韓國設備技術員說:「我曾警告他們,一旦被抓,生命將被毀。」他甚至苦勸同事不要再赴美工作,並透露自己曾以主管身份申請B-1簽證,實際工作卻是設備專家。

另一名與LG能源解決方案(LG Energy Solution)合作的外判技術員透露,今年早前申請赴現代汽車工廠的B-1簽證被拒,未獲解釋。嘗試經墨西哥入境美國時,更在首爾被拒絕登機。他感嘆:「我們以為美國是盟友,結果被視為非法移民。」

LG能源解決方案與現代汽車合作興建該工廠。據兩名消息人士透露,LGES知悉簽證問題長期存在,部分員工及承包商因擔心入境受阻而不願赴美。LGES回應稱已積極處理員工及承包商的簽證問題,並通過律師事務所舉辦簽證說明會以防範法律風險。

現代汽車方面則表示對違法行為零容忍,將調查供應商及其分包商的雇用情況。LGES透露,喬治亞突襲中有47名員工被捕,並已警告其他美國的員工留在家中或離開。被捕者多為分包商員工,並無現代汽車直屬員工被拘留。

被捕者將獲釋並遣返回國,但此事件無疑令美韓商業關係蒙上陰影。韓國外交部官員金東敏今年7月曾在一場電池產業協會舉辦的「簽證拒簽」研討會上透露,承包商缺乏合適工作簽證,只能使用ESTA快速赴美,導致部分人被拒入境。韓國長期呼籲美國設立類似與澳洲、新加坡自由貿易夥伴簽證的專才工作簽證,但進展有限。韓國外長本週一啟程訪美,簽證改革成其重要議題。

特朗普總統雖極力推動投資,但上週日強調企業必須聘用及培訓美國工人,並尊重移民法規。他亦提到可能允許部分外國製造專家入境協助訓練美國工人。

美國商務部官員安德魯·蓋特利去年在首爾研討會中警告韓國企業及承包商勿在簽證申請中「走捷徑」,「請不要讓你的員工或承包商員工陷入風險」。

評論與啟示

這宗事件揭示了全球化背景下跨國企業面對的法律與人力資源挑戰,尤其是在移民政策日益嚴格的美國市場。韓國企業長期依賴模糊的簽證規定以解決技術人才短缺,卻忽視了法律合規的重要性,結果導致龐大規模的拘捕行動,對企業聲譽和雙邊關係造成嚴重打擊。

此事反映出企業追求效率和成本節約時,常會忽略合法合規的長遠風險,甚至在政策變動前已有內部警告存在,卻未能有效應對。對於香港及其他地區企業而言,這是一次警示:在跨境人力調配上,必須嚴格遵守當地法律,並做好風險管理和員工教育,避免類似法律風險成為商業發展的絆腳石。

此外,事件中反映的美韓簽證制度僵化問題,亦突顯全球高技能人才流動遭遇的制度瓶頸。隨著國際經濟合作加深,創新簽證制度以適應新興產業和跨境合作的需要,成為各國政府必須面對的課題。美國若能在尊重法律的前提下,提供更靈活的人才引進政策,將有助於吸引外國先進技術和投資,促進雙方共贏。

最後,特朗普政府一方面嚴格執法、強調美國工人優先,另一方面又希望外國專才協助培訓本土勞動力,這種矛盾政策在實施過程中勢必引發更多摩擦。企業如何在複雜多變的政策環境中保持合規且靈活,將是未來跨國經營的關鍵挑戰。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

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