關稅風暴:避險基金保證金追繳飆升,市場壓力大增




特朗普政府宣布加徵關稅後 衍生工具相關保證金追繳額激增近三倍

根據提供交易後服務的OSTTRA數據顯示,特朗普政府本月宣布高於預期的美國關稅措施後,對對沖基金及其他市場參與者的衍生工具相關保證金追繳要求價值幾乎激增了三倍,隨後在90天暫停期後有所回落。

數據顯示,4月2日至10日期間,相關保證金追繳總額增長了180%,這對投資者造成了重大流動性壓力,同時交易雙方之間的爭議數量也增加了25%。OSTTRA指出,現時保證金追繳金額已回復至關稅政策前的水平。值得一提的是,私募股權公司KKR本月宣佈將從S&P Global和芝商所(CME Group)收購OSTTRA。

追繳保證金的需求增加了35%,其中大部分來自於變動保證金(variation margin),即投資者需額外繳付的抵押品,以反映其持倉市值的變化,防止交易違約。OSTTRA透過其平台,監控全球超過90%的雙邊衍生品交易,收集關於保證金追繳、抵押品移動及爭議的數據,主要聚焦於交易所交易衍生品及清算回購協議。

對沖基金通常會透過保證金賬戶向主要券商借貸現金以進行交易。OSTTRA舉例指,若一支對沖基金每日處理約100宗平均每宗500萬美元的保證金追繳,正常情況下每日需動用約5億美元的抵押品流動。但由於近期市場波動加劇,該基金額外面臨約9億美元的抵押品需求,令每日保證金義務總額增至14億美元,當中大部分可能需要以現金籌措。

OSTTRA表示,這種保證金追繳需求的增加遍及多個市場,包括股票、利率、外匯、商品、信用衍生品以及回購協議。

BNP Paribas美洲區主要銷售主管Ted Post表示:「在這段期間,保證金追繳的頻率和規模確實上升。追繳金額的增加無疑反映了市場壓力,但對沖基金整體上仍能妥善應對這波波動。」他補充指,許多華爾街的股票衍生品交易部門及其客戶已為此做好對沖部署,從而減低了風險。

評論與啟示:

這次由美國加徵關稅引發的市場波動,直接反映在衍生工具市場的保證金需求激增,說明政策變動對金融市場流動性和風險管理帶來了巨大挑戰。對沖基金和其他機構投資者在面對突發事件時,必須具備充足的資金彈性及風險對沖策略,才能避免因流動性短缺而被迫平倉或遭受重大損失。

此外,這也突顯了交易後服務機構如OSTTRA在整合和監控全球衍生品市場風險中的重要角色。隨著金融市場日益複雜,對清算透明度和風險管理的需求越來越高,這類服務將成為維護市場穩定不可或缺的基石。

從長遠看,政策不確定性帶來的市場波動將促使投資者更加注重風險分散與資本充足,亦可能推動衍生品市場結構性改革,提升風控效率。對香港及亞洲市場而言,密切關注美國政策動向及其對全球資金流動的影響,將有助投資者及監管機構提前佈局和應對,減少潛在金融風險。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

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