避關稅?中國車廠轉攻歐盟插電混動車




中國車廠轉賣插電式混能車避開歐盟電動車關稅

路透社報道,中國汽車製造商包括比亞迪(BYD)和奇瑞(Chery)正增加在歐盟銷售插電式混能車(PHEV),以避免中國製電動車(BEV)所面臨的高額進口關稅。根據研究機構Rho Motion週五公布的數據,兩個品牌在今年三月於歐盟售出3,269輛和757輛插電式混能車,而在2024年7月臨時關稅首次實施時,相關銷售數字幾乎為零。

為何此事重要?

歐盟自去年11月起,對中國製電池電動車徵收高達45.3%的關稅,目的是防止廉價車輛湧入歐洲市場。面對美國關稅帶來的市場擾動,歐盟與中國正就放寬這些關稅進行談判。

在此期間,像比亞迪和零跑汽車(Leapmotor)等中國電動車製造商,已調整歐洲市場策略,適應歐盟關稅政策及歐洲電動車普及速度不及預期的情況。比亞迪於本週二宣布,計劃今年在德國推出兩款新的插電式混能車型。

數據詳解

比亞迪在歐盟銷售的純電動車需支付27.5%關稅,而插電式混能車則為10%,這意味著每輛Atto 3純電動車在德國需繳納約10,257歐元(約11,656美元)的關稅,而Seal U插電式混能車則需支付約3,999歐元。比亞迪今年三月在歐盟的純電動車銷售量較去年同月翻倍至4,633輛,插電式混能車則從零躍升至3,269輛。

奇瑞方面,對純電動車繳納10%基礎關稅外,還有額外21.3%的徵收,三月銷售310輛純電動車和757輛插電式混能車。

上汽集團面對最高的純電動車關稅35.3%,但插電式混能車銷售增長較為有限。

業界觀點

Rho Motion會員編輯迪迪·博斯托克(Didi Bostock)表示:「製造商們尋找市場的‘後門’只是時間問題。」他補充:「現在他們確實找到了,透過混能車型。」

評論與啟示

這件事暴露出全球電動車市場政策調整中的灰色地帶。歐盟對中國純電動車的高關稅,雖然是為了保護本地產業及避免廉價車氾濫,但也迫使中國車企轉向插電式混能車這條“變通路線”。這反映了政策設計與市場策略之間的博弈,及其對環保目標的潛在影響。

插電式混能車雖然減少了排放,但並非純電動車,長遠來看可能對歐盟的碳中和目標構成挑戰。這也提示政策制定者需更細緻地考慮關稅和補貼政策的設計,避免出現“規避關稅”但不完全符合環保目標的市場行為。

此外,中國車企靈活調整策略、迅速適應市場環境,顯示其在全球電動車競爭中的韌性和創新能力。歐洲本土車廠和政策制定者,應該從中看到更深層次的挑戰與機遇,除了關稅壁壘外,如何提升自身技術水平和市場吸引力,才是持續競爭的關鍵。

總結來說,這場關稅戰和市場調整不僅是簡單的貿易爭端,更是全球汽車產業轉型與環保政策交織下的複雜現象。未來如何平衡市場開放、產業保護與環境責任,值得各方深思。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

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