輝達AI晶片禁令:營收衝擊可控?華爾街分析



Nvidia H20晶片禁令或令銷售下跌惟屬「可控範圍」,美銀繼續看好

Nvidia H20 Chip Ban Could Lead To 'Manageable' Sales Drop, Bank Of America Says

美國新一輪AI晶片對華出口限制,令Nvidia(輝達)股價周三於紐約開市時急跌逾6%,市場一度陷入恐慌。不過,華爾街部分分析師卻認為,這次回調反而是一個難得的買入機會。

美銀分析師Vivek Arya在周三發表的報告中指出,雖然H20晶片出口中國受限並不受歡迎,但市場早有預期,對Nvidia銷售前景構成的風險屬「可控」範圍。該行重申對Nvidia維持「買入」評級,目標價160美元,較周二收市價112.2美元有42.6%升幅空間。

即使面臨55億美元的撇帳損失及美國出口政策收緊,Arya認為Nvidia在AI領域的深厚護城河,以及新產品周期,有望抵消短期衝擊。

Nvidia為何要承受55億美元損失?

Nvidia於周二收市後披露,將於第一季度錄得55億美元相關於存貨、採購承諾及撥備的費用,源於美國政府最新要求。

新政策規定,向中國及受軍事禁運國家出口H20及同級AI晶片必須申請許可證。H20晶片本身是Nvidia為規避早前出口禁令而特別設計的AI硬件,一直是其中國市場策略的關鍵一環。隨着美國政府(尤其是特朗普時期)收緊政策,這部分銷售前景變得岌岌可危。

Arya認為,這筆撇帳反映Nvidia已將「H20受限的高機率」及「未來獲批許可證的低機率」納入考量,換句話說,最壞情況已在財報中反映。

Nvidia會損失幾多?

美銀估算,H20禁令或令Nvidia銷售下跌5%至8%,2026財年(即2025年曆年)每股盈利亦會減少6%至10%。

這個推算建基於H20佔Nvidia中國收入約6%至10%,而中國市場佔Nvidia整體銷售約14%。雖然Nvidia未有公開H20具體銷售數字,但Arya預計2026財年H20銷售額約為120億美元,遠高於Visible Alpha平台的市場共識80億美元。

儘管收入損失不小,Arya指出仍有利好因素可作補償,包括美國AI晶片需求加速,以及Nvidia新一代GB300 Blackwell Ultra晶片(預計2025年下半年推出)定價強勁。

現價是否被低估?

即使地緣政治風險升溫,Nvidia股價已開始反映部分負面因素。Arya表示,現時Nvidia股價相當於2025年預測市盈率約20倍,較過往歷史低位23至25倍為低。

他指出,這反映市場現時預計Nvidia每股盈利約4美元,低於市場普遍預期的4.5至5美元。Arya認為這種預期落差,正好為投資者提供吸引的入市時機,尤其是OpenAI、Google、Amazon等企業的AI晶片需求依然強勁。

Arya強調:「全球對頂尖AI技術的需求,以及Nvidia無可匹敵的平台領導地位,足以抵消區域性逆風。」

其他晶片股又如何?

新規不止影響Nvidia。Arya指出,AI出口限制收緊,預料會波及一眾涉足AI的半導體股,包括Broadcom、AMD、Micron、Arm、Marvell、Coherent及Lumentum等。

華府未來或進一步擴大限制範圍,不僅針對中國,甚至可能延伸至半導體製造設備及設計軟件領域,這些都是美國握有主導權的環節。

不過,Arya認為,儘管美中科技脫鈎可能加速,AI依然是半導體行業增長最快的長線主題。

他總結:「我們認為AI仍然是半導體行業最具增長潛力的結構性機遇。Nvidia近期股價波動,反而提供更佳買入機會,而非恐慌沽售的理由。」

編輯評論:AI晶片新冷戰下的投資機遇與風險

Nvidia今次因H20禁令而大幅撇帳,反映中美科技對峙已進入新階段。值得留意的是,Nvidia及一眾美國半導體企業,早已習慣在政策灰色地帶尋找生存空間,H20本身就是為規避早前出口禁令而設。今次美國再度收緊,或許只是新一輪「貓捉老鼠」遊戲的開始。

從投資角度看,Nvidia短線雖然受壓,但其在AI軟硬件生態的壟斷地位,令其具備將負面影響消化的能力。美國本土AI需求強勁、企業上雲及大模型訓練熱潮,令Nvidia有條件以新產品週期對沖中國市場損失。事實上,全球AI競賽正進入「大者恆大」時代,市場份額有望向龍頭企業集中,這亦解釋了為何美銀等機構仍堅持看好。

不過,長遠而言,這場科技冷戰將推動中國加快半導體自主研發,甚至帶動全球供應鏈重組。對投資者而言,需留意政策風險不斷上升,估值溢價或會收窄;同時,AI產業鏈上下游公司之間的分化將更明顯,選股難度提升。Nvidia現時的低位或許是機會,但亦提醒我們,科技巨頭的「穩陣」背後,充滿地緣政治與產業變局的不確定性。

簡單來說,這不是一場單純的業績波動,而是全球科技勢力再平衡下的投資新常態。Nvidia能否繼續領航,除了技術與產品,還要看它如何在國際政治巨浪中靈活轉身。

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Expression and Pose: She is sitting on a weight training machine (apparently a leg press machine or similar) and holding a phone (with a leopard/leopard print case) to take a selfie in the mirror or using the front camera, with her face forward, a soft smile, and her face and eyes looking at the mirror.

Background (Gym): The background is dominated by modern gym equipment in dark gray and red. There are a few other unfocused people in the background, including a man on the left lifting weights or standing near a barbell, and another man in a green shirt standing near equipment. The gym floor appears dark.

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Selfie in the gym, young woman with messy bun and cream jacket, sitting on a training machine, aesthetic sporty, indoor lighting. Without changing her face. Use the original face exactly as it is, without changing a details. A stunning, very fit female model with a sun-kissed, glowing tan (hyper-realistic, high-sheen skin texture).
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