輝達降級版AI晶片,供貨中國市場



Nvidia為應對美國出口限制,將於中國推出降級版H20 AI晶片

Nvidia H20 AI 晶片(圖片來源:Daniel J. Prostak, CC BY-SA 4.0)

Nvidia(輝達,美國納斯達克:NVDA)計劃於未來兩個月內,在中國市場推出降級版的H20人工智能晶片,以配合美國進一步收緊的出口管制。據路透社報道,這項決定是在特朗普政府延續拜登時期政策,進一步限制先進晶片出口至中國,目的是遏制北京取得高性能AI技術的能力。

現時,H20是Nvidia在中國可以銷售、無需特別許可的最先進AI晶片。不過,隨着政策收緊,連H20亦需要出口許可,迫使Nvidia決定降低該晶片的運算效能及記憶體容量,以便符合新規定,同時維持在中國市場的存在感。

據悉,Nvidia已經通知中國主要的雲端服務供應商及科技公司有關這項變動。H20晶片在中國AI產業生態中應用廣泛,百度(NASDAQ: BIDU)、阿里巴巴(NYSE: BABA)及初創企業如DeepSeek等都是其客戶。不過,降級後的H20可能會削弱Nvidia在中國市場的競爭力,尤其面對華為等本土對手,後者早已針對中國市場推出自家AI晶片。

截至2025年1月的財政年度,中國為Nvidia帶來約170億美元收入,佔公司總銷售額約13%。Nvidia行政總裁黃仁勳強調中國市場的戰略重要性,並於四月親自到訪北京,顯示公司即使面對地緣政治壓力,仍致力深耕中國市場。

隨着美國進一步收緊科技出口限制,Nvidia如何適應新形勢,將決定其在中國AI市場的長遠角色。這場博弈亦將影響美國晶片企業與中國半導體新勢力之間的競爭格局。

編輯評論:美國科技封鎖下的「妥協」與中國AI自主化的推力

Nvidia這次推出降級版H20 AI晶片,實際上是一種「被迫的妥協」,反映出美中科技戰下企業的無奈與靈活。對Nvidia來說,放棄中國市場等於主動削弱自身全球影響力,但要完全遵從美國出口規管,又不能不作出技術讓步。這正好顯示,在全球供應鏈高度融合的今天,即使是科技巨頭也很難獨善其身。

然而,這種「降級」策略其實為中國AI產業帶來另一種刺激:當外來晶片受限,國產替代品的需求與研發動力會更強。華為等中國企業已經在AI晶片領域積極布局,Nvidia的讓步,反而可能加速中國自家半導體技術的成熟和商業化。

從產業競爭角度看,Nvidia雖然短期內可以保住部分中國市場份額,但長遠來說,若中國企業能迅速追趕,甚至反超,Nvidia的全球領導地位將面臨更大挑戰。這場科技戰,最終或會令全球AI生態出現「東西方割裂」的局面,各自發展、各自封閉。

對香港及亞洲市場而言,這種局勢值得警惕。一方面,科技供應鏈的不確定性會令投資與創新成本上升;另一方面,區內企業應思考如何在美中之間尋找平衡點,避免過度依賴單一技術來源。未來,能否自主掌控核心技術,將成為亞洲企業能否在全球AI競賽中立足的關鍵。

總結而言,Nvidia的降級H20不單是一項商業決策,更是一場全球科技格局轉變下的縮影。這一刻的讓步,或許會成為AI產業新一輪「國產替代」浪潮的催化劑。

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