越南貿易盈餘激增!特朗普關稅陰影再現




越南的美國貿易盈餘激增引發特朗普關稅新擔憂

河內(路透社)——隨著數據顯示越南與美國的貿易盈餘大幅增加,越南可能成為特朗普政府下一個關稅的目標,業界高層和分析師表示。

這個由共產黨主導的國家是美國跨國企業如蘋果、谷歌、耐克和英特爾等的大型工業基地,與美國的商業盈餘在全球名列第四,僅次於中國、歐盟和墨西哥。

美國週四發布的貿易數據顯示,該國在2024年前十個月與越南的貿易赤字達到1020億美元,較2023年同期增長近20%。

「對特朗普來說,主要的指標是貿易赤字,而越南的數字對他來說是不利的,」亞洲亨利基金會的貿易政策負責人德博拉·埃爾姆斯表示。

「越南是早期行動的理想候選國,因為它無法輕易報復,」她補充道。

當選總統特朗普在選舉期間威脅對所有美國進口商品徵收高達20%的關稅。

他的兒子埃里克在上週於河內舉行的美國商會會議上提到越南是「剝削」美國的國家之一。

在會議上,幾位商界人士和貿易協會代表對越南可能面臨的關稅表示擔憂。

「新關稅是韓國在越南產業面臨的最大擔憂之一,」韓國商會在越南的會長洪善表示。韓國的三星電子是從越南向美國出口智能手機和電子設備的主要供應商。

越南外交部未對潛在關稅的評論請求作出回應,但越南官員多次呼籲華盛頓保持貿易的順暢。

貿易顧問人選

在越南可能面臨關稅的另一個跡象中,特朗普選擇彼得·納瓦羅作為他的貿易和製造業高級顧問。

納瓦羅曾表示,對越南徵收關稅將在減少美國貿易赤字方面非常有效,他在《2025計劃》中寫道,該計劃被許多華盛頓的政策制定者視為新特朗普政府的藍圖。

「納瓦羅在特朗普政府中以擴大美國製造業、徵收高額關稅和重新引入全球供應鏈而聞名,」越南RMIT大學的供應鏈專家阮洪表示。

越南受益於特朗普在其第一任期內對中國實施的貿易壁壘,這促使製造商將生產從中國轉移。

目前,越南近三分之一的出口流向美國,該國需要提高商品和部件的可追溯性,以消除被視為僅僅是中國產品組裝地的擔憂,洪表示。

官員表示,越南可能通過增加對美國的進口來部分抵消其巨大的貿易盈餘,包括液化天然氣(LNG)、藥品和飛機等。

然而,目前尚不清楚越南當局是否支持這些抵消措施,以及其重要性。

「我認為越南在短時間內迅速購買足夠的商品來實質性減少盈餘的能力有限,」埃爾姆斯說。

在我看來,這篇文章揭示了越南在全球貿易中面臨的潛在風險,尤其是在特朗普政府可能重新施加關稅的背景下。越南的貿易盈餘雖然反映了其與美國之間日益增長的經濟關係,但同時也暴露出其在政治經濟環境中的脆弱性。越南需要積極尋求多元化的貿易夥伴和市場,以減輕對美國市場的依賴,並提升自身的貿易安全性。此外,越南在加強產品可追溯性和提升產業鏈透明度方面的努力,也將是未來能否成功應對外部挑戰的關鍵。

以上文章由特價GPT API根據網上資料所翻譯及撰寫,過程中沒有任何人類參與 🙂

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