貿易戰下併購新招:延遲付款、風險分攤求成交




美國關稅引發市場波動,私募基金Silver Lake調整英特爾晶片業務收購條款

路透社報道,美國總統特朗普實施的關稅政策令全球市場波動不定,矽谷私募股權公司Silver Lake Partners在與晶片製造商英特爾(Intel)協商多時的收購交易中,加入了新的條款。

Silver Lake董事長兼管理合夥人Ken Hao接受路透訪問時表示:「市場波動、經濟衰退風險以及半導體關稅的影響,令投資變得更加困難。」他們將簽約時間推遲約一星期,並在最終協議中加入新條款,將原本支付約44.6億美元收購英特爾可編程晶片業務Altera的款項中,約三分之一的金額延後支付。

在市場下滑及關稅戰不確定的情況下,銀行家和投資者正尋找創新方法完成數十億美元的交易,儘管交易有所延遲。近期公布的例子包括Silver Lake收購Altera,以及Prada以13.8億美元收購Versace。

多位投資者、銀行家及企業高層透露,有些投資者加入保障條款以防市場未回穩,另一些則在條款上作出讓步以促成交易。

併購活動明顯減少

根據Dealogic數據,儘管今年第一季度全球併購額較去年同期增長12.6%至9843.8億美元,但自此之後迅速下滑。4月上半月的併購額下降29%,僅達980億美元,創下2020年以來第二季度最差開局。

多國保險公司Ageas行政總裁Hans De Cuyper接受訪問時坦言:「我們正處於動盪時代。」他表示團隊在決定以13億英鎊收購Bain Capital旗下家居保險公司esure前,模擬了多種經濟情境。

交易方表示,一些公司透過修改貸款條款或設計創新融資方案,彌補近期估值大幅下跌帶來的差距。

德意志銀行全球併購副主席Alex Hecker指出:「人們正在重新思考交易,或略為調整條款。我們在2008至2009年金融危機時期也看到類似情況,當時許多交易設有或有權利及後續收益條款,因為估值被壓低。這類做法可能會重新出現。」

重新計算交易數字

Global Payments原本在4月2日即將完成一宗複雜的243億美元三方收購案,買入競爭對手Worldpay,但特朗普在他所謂的「解放日」宣布大規模關稅,導致公司股價兩日內暴跌近15%。

據知情人士透露,交易前夕,管理層不得不迅速重新計算交易價值。為完成交易,Global Payments決定按關稅宣布前的股價97美元計算,儘管當時股價已跌至80美元初。

Silver Lake方面則認為Altera仍具價值,但Hao表示他們希望降低關稅帶來的新風險。

Hao坦言:「我們在交易過程中一直公開說明市場動態變化,並坦承關稅環境令短期前景更加難以預測,對業務並非利好。」

Silver Lake沒有降低出價,而是決定將10億美元分期支付,其中5億美元將於明年年底支付,餘款則於2027年底付清。Hao解釋,這樣做雖然不節省現金支出,但能提升內部收益率——私募股權公司衡量投資回報的重要指標。

交易結構更靈活

Hao補充說,如果未來數月市場回升至關稅宣布前的水平(以費城半導體指數衡量),首筆5億美元將於今年稍晚交易完成時支付。

他說:「這並非全面保障,但確實為我們提供了更靈活的結構,考慮到未來一兩年市場波動的可能性。」

其他近期完成的交易,多是經過數月籌備且具戰略意義,例如Prada於4月10日以13.8億美元收購Versace。據交易人士透露,這兩家米蘭時尚品牌早於去年11月開始洽談,當時美國監管機構否決了Capri Holdings與美國零售商Tapestry(擁有Kate Spade和Coach品牌)的合併案。

Hecker表示:「如果一宗交易在任何情況下都合乎邏輯,且資金容易籌集,那就繼續推進。」

編輯評論:

這篇報道生動展示了當前全球經濟環境和地緣政治因素如何深刻影響大型併購交易。特朗普的關稅政策不僅直接打擊半導體等核心產業,還加劇市場不確定性,令投資者和企業不得不重新評估風險與回報。Silver Lake和Global Payments等公司採取的靈活付款條款和估值調整,體現了私募股權和企業如何在變動中求生存與謀發展。

這種「創新交易結構」的出現,顯示併購市場正在從傳統的現金或股權一次性支付,轉向更為複雜且具彈性的安排,以應對短期劇烈波動。這不僅是對金融工程的一種考驗,更是企業在不確定時代保持競爭力的戰略反映。

同時,這也反映出一個更深層次的問題:全球供應鏈和跨國投資的安全感正受到挑戰,企業在決策時不僅要考慮財務價值,還要考量政治風險與政策變動。這種新局面促使併購交易更加謹慎且創新,但也可能延緩資本市場的資源重新配置,影響整體經濟活力。

對香港及亞洲市場而言,這樣的國際動態提醒我們,政策環境和國際貿易關係的任何轉變,都可能迅速波及本地企業和投資者,促使他們在策略和風險管理上作出相應調整。未來,投資者和企業更需關注政治經濟風險,並靈活運用金融工具,以在全球市場的不確定性中尋找機遇。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

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