華盛頓致命空難:FAA未採取行動釀67死悲劇




美國運輸安全委員會主席狠批FAA疏忽 導致1月華盛頓軍機與美航區域噴射機相撞 釀成67死慘劇

華盛頓報道 — 美國國家運輸安全委員會(NTSB)主席Jennifer Homendy於週三嚴厲批評美國聯邦航空管理局(FAA)未有在1月29日,一架美國陸軍直升機與美國航空(American Airlines)區域噴射機於華盛頓附近相撞前採取行動,導致67人罹難的嚴重事故。

Homendy指出,FAA未有回應空中交通管制員提出的航線調整建議,以避免類似危險,且機場管制塔人員流失嚴重。她直言:「所有跡象都顯示存在安全風險,管制塔也有反映問題,但你們卻選擇調走人員,沒有正視問題……應該負起責任,好好改善。」

這宗事故發生在波托馬克河(Potomac River)上空,鄰近羅納德·雷根華盛頓國家機場(Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport),是美國20多年來最致命的空難。

NTSB透露,早於2022年,FAA內部一個空中交通工作組曾建議將直升機流量移離雷根機場,並設立空中「熱點」以加強安全,但因政治因素遭拒絕。民主黨參議員Maria Cantwell引用這建議,嚴厲質疑FAA為何未能在悲劇發生前解決問題。

Homendy還指出,雷根機場管制塔在過去兩年有三位管理層更替,自2014年以來約有十位,顯示管理不穩定。FAA暫未就事件回應。

直升機高度數據有誤 可能致災難發生

調查聽證會同時聚焦於美國陸軍黑鷹(Black Hawk)直升機的高度數據系統及氣壓高度計,懷疑當時該機接收了錯誤的高度資訊。

NTSB主席Homendy表示:「機組看到的高度可能與實際高度大相逕庭。」事後測試發現,黑鷹直升機飛行時的高度讀數與實際高度相差約80至130呎(24至40米)。

陸軍方面則稱,高達100呎的誤差在黑鷹直升機中屬正常範圍,該機型由洛克希德·馬丁(Lockheed Martin)旗下的西考斯基(Sikorsky)部門生產。

NTSB董事Todd Inman則質疑陸軍為何未加強測試及通知飛行員相關問題,並催促加快改善。Homendy強調,這種誤差在雷根機場附近直升機航線邊緣的容錯範圍(75呎)內屬重大問題,亦懷疑是否應擴大測試範圍,以及是否影響到民用西考斯基直升機。

空中通話錄音揭示事故前管制指示混亂

NTSB播放了事故發生前數分鐘,空中交通管制塔之間的通話錄音,包括管制員要求美國航空區域噴射機改道至另一條跑道。

調查早前指出,直升機當時高度約為300呎,超過該航線最高限高200呎。涉事的黑鷹直升機當時進行夜間訓練,機組成員均為經驗豐富的飛行員,並配戴夜視鏡。

事故後,FAA於3月限制直升機飛行,稱這些軍機對民航機構成「無法容忍的風險」。5月,FAA更禁止陸軍在五角大樓附近飛行,因5月1日發生一起接近碰撞事件,迫使兩架民航機放棄降落。

儘管FAA於7月1日與陸軍簽訂新協議,直升機飛行仍被暫停。

編輯評論:

這宗悲劇暴露出美國航空安全管理體系內部的嚴重缺失,尤其是FAA在面對明顯安全隱患時的遲緩反應與管理混亂。Homendy主席直言不諱地指出,管制塔人員的高流動率及管理層頻繁更替,令安全警告被忽視,這種「政治考量」凌駕於安全之上,令人震驚。

此外,黑鷹直升機高度數據誤差的問題,顯示軍用機的技術監管甚至可能影響民用機安全,暴露出跨部門協作與監管漏洞。FAA對此的反應緩慢,甚至在事件發生後仍未全面解決,反映出制度上的脆弱。

整體來看,這起事故不只是一場悲劇,更是一個警號,提醒航空監管機構必須徹底檢討內部流程、信息溝通及危機應對機制。未來如何在政治壓力與安全需求間取得平衡,並強化技術監管,將是防止類似慘劇再度發生的關鍵。香港及全球航空業亦應從中汲取教訓,提升航空安全標準,保障旅客生命安全。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

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