華為AI晶片挑戰Nvidia,突圍美國出口管制




華為推出全新Ascend 910D AI晶片,劍指Nvidia 美國出口限制下的中國AI自強路

華為Ascend 910D AI晶片挑戰Nvidia

華為技術有限公司正準備推出其迄今為止最先進的人工智能處理器Ascend 910D,目標直指美國AI晶片巨頭Nvidia的高端產品。根據《華爾街日報》報道,這款新晶片的樣品預計最快五月底就會面世,華為現時已經聯絡多間中國科技企業,邀請它們參與可行性測試。

Ascend 910D被定位為Nvidia強大H100晶片的國產替代品,H100現時廣泛用於AI開發領域。華為此舉正值美國對中國科技業實施長達近六年的貿易限制,在這些重重障礙下,華為依然在半導體技術上取得突破,2023年推出的Mate 60智能手機就是一個明顯例子。

美國近期進一步收緊出口限制,連帶影響Nvidia在中國唯一可以出售的先進型號H20晶片也被納入規管,未經特別許可不得銷售。Nvidia已警告,這些新限制將令公司首季損失高達55億美元。

除了即將登場的910D,華為亦加緊生產及出貨現有的AI處理器910B和910C,同時積極建設大型計算系統,以提升這些晶片的運算表現。這一連串動作,顯示華為決心減少中國對美國晶片技術的依賴,並在全球AI半導體市場中爭取更大話語權。隨著AI競爭日趨激烈,華為的最新策略無疑是要在國際舞台上站穩腳步,成為AI硬件領域的重要玩家。

編輯室觀點:華為晶片突圍,AI國產化背後的科技與地緣政治博弈

華為今次推出Ascend 910D,無疑是中國科技業在全球半導體競賽中的一次重要「反擊」。美國出口限制原本意圖壓制中國高端AI晶片發展,但這種外部壓力反而成為中國企業自研自強的催化劑。華為不單止在硬件層面追趕,還積極推動整個AI生態圈的國產化,這股力量已經不容小覷。

值得留意的是,Nvidia H100/H20等晶片在AI訓練和推理能力上一直處於世界領先地位,華為Ascend系列能否在性能、兼容性及生態建設上真正「平替」甚至超越Nvidia,還需時間驗證。但華為願意大規模投資自研AI晶片和超算平台,已經顯示出中國在半導體產業鏈「卡脖子」問題上的堅定決心。

從更宏觀的角度來看,這場晶片科技戰已不單是企業競爭,更是國家安全、產業自主權、全球產業鏈重組的大博弈。AI晶片作為未來數字經濟和國防科技的「大腦」,誰能掌控核心技術,誰就有話語權。華為的突圍,預示著全球科技格局將進一步兩極分化,而美國對中國科技的「圍堵」亦可能刺激中國產業實現更多關鍵技術自給自足。

對香港及亞洲其他地區來說,這場AI晶片競賽亦意味著供應鏈和技術合作格局或將重塑。本地企業如何在中美科技博弈中尋找機會、分散風險,將是未來幾年必須深思的課題。

總結而言,華為Ascend 910D的推出,不只是產品創新,更是一場產業自主與地緣政治的科技硬仗。這場AI晶片賽跑,值得我們持續關注其背後對全球經濟、科技和國際關係的深遠影響。

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