英國央行放寬銀行資本規定助經濟增長




英格蘭銀行放寬銀行資本要求 助推經濟增長

英格蘭銀行於本周二宣布,下調銀行需持有的資本比例,成為自2008年金融危機以來首次放寬銀行資本要求,目的是刺激銀行放貸,推動經濟增長。自2015年起,英格蘭銀行對銀行一級資本的標準要求一直維持在14%,此次將下調1個百分點至13%。

銀行高層及投資者近來已預期英格蘭銀行會放寬資本要求,因為央行官員早前已有相關暗示。英格蘭銀行亦將展開對銀行槓桿率實施情況的檢討,這或進一步放寬銀行的資本負擔。

這些措施是英國金融監管機構迄今為止最具體的動作,反映執政的工黨政府將推動經濟增長視為優先事項。全球銀行監管機構在2008年金融危機後普遍提高了資本要求,以強化銀行抵禦流動性危機的能力,但近年來業界認為這些改革已達到目的,呼籲監管放鬆。

英格蘭銀行同時表示,包括匯豐、巴克萊、勞埃德銀行集團及蘇格蘭皇家銀行在內的七大銀行,已通過其嚴格的壓力測試,證明能抵禦嚴重宏觀經濟及金融風險。

英格蘭銀行指出,調整資本要求反映了對資本在銀行抵禦危機中的益處及資本成本對經濟增長負面影響的重新評估。美國特朗普政府亦計劃放寬大型銀行的資本規定,歐盟則在推動簡化監管框架。英國業界組織UK Finance警告,若英國不跟進類似措施,銀行將面臨市場份額流失至全球競爭者的風險。

新標準的13%資本要求包括11%的理想底線,以及2%的風險加成,用以彌補風險資產計量上的不足。英格蘭銀行副行長Sarah Breeden早前曾表示,央行正在考慮如何釋放銀行資本使用的空間,令銀行更有信心將資本投入貸款。

英格蘭銀行金融政策委員會自今年7月起檢討資本結構,配合工黨政府推動監管兼顧經濟增長與金融穩定的方針。英格蘭銀行在報告中表示:「鑒於降低了金融政策委員會的基準,銀行應更有信心運用資本資源,向英國家庭和企業提供貸款。」

評論與啟示

英格蘭銀行此次調整資本要求,是金融危機後監管趨嚴以來首次放寬,反映出監管機構對經濟增長壓力的回應及政策重心的轉變。雖然加強資本要求提升了銀行體系的韌性,但過度嚴格的要求亦可能抑制銀行放貸意願,進而影響實體經濟的活力。

這次調整可視為英國政府與金融監管機構之間的一種策略協調,試圖在保持金融穩定與促進經濟增長之間取得平衡。值得注意的是,全球其他主要經濟體如美國及歐盟亦有類似放寬監管的動向,顯示監管框架正面臨調整壓力。

然而,放寬資本要求同時帶來風險,若未來經濟環境惡化,銀行的抗風險能力可能不足,對金融穩定構成挑戰。因此,監管機構必須持續監控銀行風險狀況,並準備適時調整政策。

對香港而言,英格蘭銀行的做法提供了一個參考範例,香港金融管理局在制定監管政策時,亦需在促進經濟增長與維護金融穩健之間取得微妙平衡,尤其在全球經濟環境不明朗的背景下,更需謹慎評估政策調整的潛在影響。

總括而言,英格蘭銀行的這次資本要求調整,標誌著全球銀行監管政策可能進入一個新的階段,從危機後的嚴格監管走向更靈活、成長導向的監管模式,值得市場持續關注。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

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