聯儲局鷹派指引推動美元走強



聯儲局鷹派指引推高美元匯價

美國聯邦儲備局主席鮑威爾發出鷹派前瞻指引後,市場對於聯儲局減息的期望大幅下降,帶動美元在截至10月31日的一周內明顯走強。美元兌歐元、英鎊、日圓、瑞士法郎、瑞典克朗及加拿大元均出現反彈,但兌澳元則出現下跌。

聯邦公開市場委員會(FOMC)如市場預期,於週三將聯邦基金利率目標區間下調0.25個百分點至3.75%至4.00%。委員會重申致力於支持最大就業及將通脹率回落至2%的目標,並決定於12月1日結束縮減資產負債表規模。

不過,聯儲局主席在隨後的新聞發布會上採取謹慎語氣,令市場情緒轉變。市場原本預期12月會再度降息,但主席的言論排除了此類保證。

根據追蹤利率交易者預期的CME FedWatch工具,12月降息至3.50%-3.75%的概率由10月27日的94.4%降至10月31日的63%。降息預期下降,推升美元走強。衡量美元兌六種主要貨幣的美元指數在該週上漲0.86%,從上週的98.95升至99.80。雖然在FOMC會議後一度跌至98.57,但隨後回升至99.84。

歐元兌美元因歐洲央行預期維持利率不變而下跌0.77%,收報1.1536,低於上週的1.1626。該週內,歐元兌美元最高見1.1669,最低則為1.1521。同期公布的數據顯示季度GDP增長高於預期,消費者物價指數則與預期相符。

英鎊兌美元因經濟增長疑慮加劇及英格蘭銀行降息預期升溫,該週下跌1.2%,從1.3313跌至1.3155,最高見1.3371,最低則為1.3096。

澳元兌美元則因消費者物價和生產者物價通脹高於預期,該週上漲0.49%,從0.6514升至0.6546,波動介乎0.6525至0.6619之間。

日圓兌美元則因日本銀行維持利率不變且前瞻指引較市場預期溫和,導致日圓走弱,美元兌日圓上升0.75%,由152.87升至154.01,週內波動介乎151.54至154.46。

新一週開始時,美元指數微升至99.89,市場正觀望即將公布的經濟數據及其對聯儲局利率走向的影響。

歐元兌美元降至1.1517,英鎊兌美元跌至1.3131。在澳洲儲備銀行利率決定前,澳元兌美元於0.6550徘徊,美元兌日圓則微升至154.14。

評論與分析

聯儲局最新的鷹派指引明顯打破了市場對減息的普遍樂觀預期,反映出聯儲局對抗通脹的決心仍未放鬆,這對於全球金融市場尤其是外匯市場產生了深遠影響。美元作為全球儲備貨幣,其強勢回歸不僅壓制了其他主要貨幣的表現,也揭示了市場對未來美國經濟和貨幣政策的不確定性。

值得注意的是,歐元和英鎊的疲軟部分源於經濟基本面不振及央行政策分歧,尤其是英國經濟增長放緩讓降息預期升溫,這與美國的鷹派立場形成鮮明對比。澳元的逆勢走強則凸顯該國通脹數據強勁,可能令澳洲央行維持或加強貨幣緊縮態度。

日圓的走弱則反映日本銀行政策與其他主要央行的分歧,市場對日本央行未來可能調整寬鬆政策的期待仍然有限。

總括而言,這種貨幣政策分化加劇了外匯市場的波動性,也為投資者帶來挑戰。香港及亞洲市場投資者應密切關注美聯儲及其他主要央行的政策動向,並評估美元走強對本地出口、資本流動及企業盈利的潛在影響。此外,全球經濟不確定性仍高,政策制定者和市場參與者需保持高度警覺,靈活應對可能出現的市場震盪。

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