習近平迎新年會晤李在明 日中韓三角關係微妙調整




習近平新年期間接待韓國總統李在明,日韓緊張關係下加強中韓合作

首爾/北京,2026年1月2日(路透社)——中國國家主席習近平將於週日開始,接待韓國總統李在明的國事訪問,顯示北京有意在台海問題引發中日關係緊張之際,強化與首爾的關係。

分析人士指出,習近平與李在明兩人僅在兩個月內第二度會面,這種罕見的短時間內重複會晤,反映中國極力加深與韓國的經濟合作與旅遊往來的意圖。

中日關係因日本首相高市早苗去年11月暗示若中國對台灣發動攻擊,東京或將採取軍事回應,而陷入多年來最冷淡的狀態。

專家分析,習近平邀請李在明在訪問日本之前先訪華,是一項經過深思熟慮的策略,目的是深化雙邊關係。

韓國漢國外國語大學政治經濟學教授姜俊英表示:「中國希望強調韓國的重要性,甚至比過去更明顯。」他補充說:「中國似乎戰略性地決定,讓李在明先訪華,然後才與日本舉行峰會較為妥當。」

李在明政府表示,目標是「恢復」與北京的關係,承認中國是韓國最大的貿易夥伴。

此舉標誌著韓中關係自李在明前任尹錫悅時期因其與美日靠攏及批評中國對台態度而緊張後的調整。

韓國目前嘗試維持平衡,但更傾向與中國合作,以避免捲入可能危害亞洲工業大國的衝突。

李在明去年12月表示,自己不會在中日外交爭端中選邊站。

美國同盟與北韓問題

儘管如此,中韓雙方仍須面對複雜挑戰,因中國在地區挑戰美國這一韓國主要盟友的地位,而北韓核武計劃仍存在高度不確定性。

中國是北韓最大盟友和經濟支柱。

韓國前副國防部長、世宗研究所高級研究員申範喆表示,習近平和李在明可能會討論一些敏感問題,例如韓美同盟現代化努力,這被視為遏制中國影響力的策略。

目前約有2.85萬名美軍駐紮韓國,以應對北韓威脅。

美國官員已表明計劃讓駐韓美軍更具靈活性,能應對包括保衛台灣及制衡中國軍力擴張等其他威脅。

美軍駐韓司令布朗森將軍12月29日指出:「韓國不只是回應朝鮮半島的威脅,韓國處於塑造東北亞權力平衡的更廣泛地區動態的十字路口。」

專家指出,李在明此行還將嘗試說服中國協助促進與北韓的對話。

北韓方面則回應李的接觸,稱他為「偽君子」和「好戰狂」。

同時,中國與北韓正尋求更緊密的協調,去年9月北韓領導人金正恩曾與習近平並肩出席盛大閱兵式。

科技、供應鏈與K-pop合作

李在明訪華期間,預計將討論包括關鍵礦產、供應鏈和綠色產業等合作領域。

首爾約有一半的稀土元素供應來自中國,這些稀土對半導體製造至關重要。中國也是韓國晶片出口的最大市場,佔約三分之一。

南韓工業部長金正寬與中國商務部長王文濤上月達成共識,將推動穩定稀土供應。

專家表示,此行亦可能促進人工智能與先進技術領域的合作。

華為計劃明年在韓國推出Ascend 950 AI晶片,意圖為韓企提供取代Nvidia的選擇,華為韓國區首席執行官王巴良上月曾透露相關計劃,並表示正與潛在客戶洽談,未具體透露對象。華為未對路透社就此評論做出回應。

另一個焦點是中國自2017年美國在韓部署導彈防禦系統以來,基本上禁止K-pop內容進入中國市場。

據本地媒體報導,韓國主要經紀公司SM娛樂的行政總裁將隨李在明一同參加此次商務代表團。

評論與分析

習近平在新年伊始即邀請李在明訪華,顯示中國在當前東亞地緣政治局勢中,企圖透過加強與韓國的關係來對抗日益緊張的中日關係。這不僅是外交上的策略,也反映出中國希望在經濟和科技層面深化與韓國合作,以維持其在區域的影響力。

李在明的訪問代表韓國在美中兩大強權間尋求平衡的微妙立場。韓國既不願意在中日矛盾中選邊站,也意識到中國作為最大貿易夥伴的重要性,必須慎重處理與北京的關係。這種策略反映出韓國在面對地緣政治風險時的務實與靈活。

不過,中韓關係的加深並非沒有挑戰。美韓同盟的現代化及美軍駐韓調整,顯示韓國依然依賴美國的安全保障,這與中國的戰略意圖存在根本矛盾。北韓問題更是讓中韓關係複雜化,韓國需在與中國的合作與維護美國同盟間找到平衡點。

此外,經濟層面,韓國高度依賴中國的稀土供應和晶片市場,凸顯出供應鏈安全的脆弱性。未來,韓國如何在保持與中國的合作同時,尋求供應鏈多元化,將是經濟安全的重要課題。

最後,文化層面的限制,如中國對K-pop的限制,亦反映了中韓關係中政治與文化的雙重挑戰。此次李在明攜SM娛樂高層訪華,或許是嘗試打破文化交流的障礙,促進兩國民間互動。

總體而言,習近平邀請李在明訪華,既是中國對韓國施壓的策略,也是雙方在經濟、科技、安全和文化層面尋求合作的契機。未來東亞地區的穩定與發展,將取決於這種多層次互動的成效,及各方如何在競爭與合作中找到新的平衡點。

以上文章由GPT 所翻譯及撰寫。

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{
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