美銀策略:中美貿易戰下中國股防守攻略




瑞銀(UBS)針對中美貿易緊張局勢下的中國股市投資策略

作者:Henry Rivers 2025年7月14日 凌晨12:29

中美貿易休戰協議即將在8月12日到期,這為中國股市投資者帶來了暫時的喘息機會。然而,中國商品關稅平均仍高達30%,地緣政治風險持續存在,未來仍充滿不確定性。在此環境下,瑞銀(UBS)建議投資者關注高股息行業的板塊機會,如公用事業、能源和銀行,同時應謹慎規避科技和貿易敏感行業的波動。

### 高股息行業的防守優勢

中國公用事業和能源行業的股息收益率與全球同行相比有約4%的差距,這在市場波動中提供了一個穩定的錨點。國有企業在這些行業中佔主導地位,享有穩定的現金流和政府支持。

* 公用事業: 中國國家電網和南方電網等公司提供約5-6%的股息收益率,背靠監管壟斷和政府支持的基礎設施項目。 現在是投資的好時機,因為公用事業較少受到貿易關稅和美國技術限制的影響,其盈利能力受國內需求支撐,較少受出口波動影響。
* 能源: 國有石油巨頭如中國海洋石油公司(CNOOC)和中國石化提供約4-5%的股息收益率,藉助中國的能源安全戰略。 風險緩解:全球油價雖受地緣政治緊張影響,但中國國內消費和能源轉型(如可再生能源)提供了一定的安全底線。
* 銀行: 中國工商銀行和農業銀行等大型銀行提供約4-6%的股息收益率,支持因素包括穩定的貸款組合和政府流動性支持。 注意事项:需關注中國房地產行業的債務風險,這仍對銀行資產負債表構成壓力。

### 應對地緣政治風險

隨著貿易休戰協議即將到期,關稅將恢復至34%除非延長。瑞銀建議投資者:

1. 對沖關稅反彈風險:關注具有國內收入流的公司(如公用事業)或那些向美國以外市場出口的公司(如東南亞)。
2. 避免受美國制裁的科技行業:如半導體和人工智能等行業,面臨出口管控的風險。

### 科技行業的韌性:細分領域的機會

儘管中國科技產品(如半導體、電動汽車)仍面臨高關稅,瑞銀仍在某些領域看到韌性:

* 消費科技:如TCL和海爾,專注於家電和不受美國限制的全球供應鏈。
* 人工智能和雲服務:阿里雲和百度正在拓展非洲和東南亞市場,較少依賴美國合作夥伴。

### 國內基本面:消費疲軟,但結構性變化帶來機遇

中國國內經濟面臨挑戰:

* 消費疲軟:6月份零售銷售同比增長僅0.5%,反映出消費者支出謹慎。
* 債務問題:地方政府債務和房地產行業負債仍未解決。

然而,瑞銀強調結構性利好因素:

* 雙循環戰略:中國推動科技和能源自給自足,利好公用事業和基礎設施領域的國有企業。
* 貨幣政策寬鬆:中國人民銀行的近期降息旨在穩定經濟增長,利好銀行和公用事業。

### 投資建議

1. 超配公用事業和能源:其股息和國內導向為貿易波動提供對沖。
2. 低配受美國關稅影響的科技行業:在休戰協議延期明確前暫緩投資。
3. 關注8月12日截止日期:如果關稅上升,防禦性行業將表現更佳。

最終註意:4%的股息收益率差距為長期投資者提供了吸引人的切入點,但應與現金儲備結合以抵禦短期波動。瑞銀的策略強調,在高風險、高回報的環境中,耐心和行業選擇是成功的關鍵。

_本分析假設當前制裁和地緣政治動態不會發生變化。投資者應密切關注中美談判的進展。_

作為編輯,我認為瑞銀的策略為投資者在中美貿易緊張局勢下的中國股市投資提供了有價值的見解。投資者應重點關注高股息行業的板塊機會,如公用事業、能源和銀行,同時應謹慎規避科技和貿易敏感行業的波動。此外,投資者還應關注國內基本面的變化和結構性變化帶來的機遇。

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[Subject]: Young Asian female with "Imada Mio-inspired" doll-like aesthetic (精緻洋娃娃臉). She has large round expressive eyes, a small V-line face, and rosy cheeks. Her expression is innocent, energetic, and slightly flirty. [Hair]: Messy morning hair (剛睡醒的凌亂感), long dark brown hair, slightly tousled, natural volume. [Outfit]: Wearing an oversized translucent white button-down shirt (男友風白襯衫), unbuttoned at the top to reveal collarbones, creating a "bottomless" look (下衣失蹤風格). [Style]: Japanese Gravure Photobook style (寫真集風格), Pure & Sexy vibe, bright high-key lighting, soft skin texture, Fujifilm PRO 400H color tone. [Enhanced Artistic Prompt]

A highly detailed portrait of a young Asian woman inspired by the delicate, doll-like beauty of Imada Mio (精緻洋娃娃臉). She has large, round, luminous eyes with a deep, expressive gaze, a petite V-shaped face, full rosy cheeks, and porcelain-soft skin. Her expression is a captivating blend of innocence, youthful energy, and subtle flirtation, capturing an aura of pure allure.

Her hair is long, dark chocolate brown, with natural volume and texture—slightly tousled in an artful, “just woke up” messy style (剛睡醒的凌亂感), with soft strands falling over her face and shoulders. She wears an oversized, semi-translucent white button-down boyfriend shirt (男友風白襯衫), loosely draped and unbuttoned at the top, elegantly revealing her collarbones and creating a “bottomless” fashion look (下衣失蹤風格) with a sense of relaxed intimacy.

The overall aesthetic is reminiscent of a contemporary Japanese Gravure photobook (寫真集風格), evoking both pure charm and subtle sensuality (Pure & Sexy vibe). Use bright, high-key natural lighting to create a soft, ethereal glow, with smooth, radiant skin texture. Emphasize pastel color grading and gentle film grain, referencing the signature look of Fujifilm PRO 400H for a dreamy, cinematic finish. Compose the image artistically, focusing on beauty, mood, and expressive detail, as if captured in a candid, intimate moment.

— full body or mid-length portrait, shallow depth of field, delicate highlights, softly blurred minimalist background, inviting eyes, tasteful and elegant composition. {
"intro": "Create an ultra realistic 8K UHD DSLR photo based on the attached image as a reference of facial features, maintaining 100% likeness.",

"subject": {
"identity": "A stylish beautiful woman portrayed as Cleopatra performing a sacred night-time royal dance, embodying divine seduction, power, and celestial authority.",
"angle": "Full-body high-fashion editorial portrait captured at a cinematic 3/4 angle, ultra-crisp clarity with no blur.",
"pose": {
"body_position": "She is captured mid-dance inside a temple courtyard at night, her body angled gracefully, hips grounded, torso lifted, creating a powerful and sensual silhouette.",
"movement": "Her arms are raised in slow ceremonial motion while one leg steps forward, fully revealing her feet and lower legs as part of the ritual stance.",
"expression": "A calm, hypnotic, commanding gaze directed toward the camera—quiet dominance wrapped in sensual mystery."
}
},

"appearance": {
"outfit": "An ultra-bongga Cleopatra couture gown with an all-crystal bodice that fits like jeweled armor. Thousands of hand-set crystals, diamonds, and glass stones in gold, champagne, clear, and iridescent tones form sacred Egyptian motifs—cobras, sun disks, lotus symbols—entirely through crystal placement. The neckline is daring yet elegant, supported by invisible illusion mesh. From the waist, the skirt opens into flowing sheer silk and organza panels in ivory and soft gold, designed with a high front opening that intentionally exposes her legs and feet during movement. Crystal chains and beaded fringe sway rhythmically with every step, enhancing sensual motion.",
"accessories": "A dramatic Egyptian ceremonial headpiece with gold and crystal detailing, an oversized layered gold collar necklace, sculpted crystal arm cuffs, finger armor rings, a crystal-and-gold waist belt, and delicate gold anklets accentuating her bare feet.",
"hair": "Her hair is sleek, glossy, and perfectly controlled, styled to balance the weight of the crystal headpiece while allowing elegant movement.",
"makeup": "Ultra-glam, colorful Egyptian night makeup—bold elongated black kohl eyeliner, intense eyeshadow layered in turquoise, emerald, sapphire blue, violet, and metallic gold. Beneath the eyes, intricate ceremonial ink drawings in fine black and gold lines inspired by ancient Egyptian markings. Skin is luminous with molten-gold highlights, brows strong and defined, lips finished in a sensual nude-bronze satin."
},

"props": {
"ritual_elements": [
"Burning incense bowls releasing thick aromatic smoke",
"Golden sistrum placed near the dance space",
"Tall ceremonial torches lining the temple floor"
]
},

"background": {
"macro_environment": "A grand ancient Egyptian temple courtyard at night, reserved for sacred royal rituals.",
"midground_details": "Towering sandstone columns, massive statues of Isis and Hathor, carved temple walls, flowing linen drapes, and ceremonial platforms illuminated by firelight.",
"micro_elements": "Torch flames reflecting off crystal surfaces, fine dust particles glowing in the night air, incense smoke wrapping around her legs and feet, detailed stone floor textures beneath her bare feet, crystal fringe in motion, and sharply defined shadows—everything rendered in extreme detail with zero blur."
},

"lighting": {
"type": "Cinematic night lighting using torches, oil lamps, and subtle moonlight.",
"effect": "Firelight ignites the crystal bodice with prismatic sparkle while moonlight softly outlines her legs and feet, creating a dramatic, sensual, and divine atmosphere."
},

"camera": {
"camera_type": "DSLR",
"resolution": "8K UHD",
"lens": "50mm prime lens",
"aperture": "f/8 for full-body and environment sharpness",
"iso": 100,
"shutter_speed": "1/200s to freeze elegant motion clearly",
"focus": "Extreme sharp focus on crystal bodice, facial features, legs, feet, and temple details, no bokeh, no blur"
},

"style": "Ultra high-fashion editorial, night temple ritual, all-crystal couture, sexy yet sacred, ancient Egyptian royalty reimagined, cinematic realism, extremely detailed, sharp, iconic"
}