美晶片禁令:助中國半導體崛起?




美國晶片出口限制或反令中國半導體產業加速發展,專家警告

美國晶片出口限制或反令中國半導體產業加速發展

隨住特朗普政府進一步收緊對中國出口半導體產品嘅措施,業界專家警告,呢啲舉動可能會帶嚟意想不到嘅後果——即係加快中國本土晶片創新步伐,甚至動搖美國喺全球半導體市場嘅主導地位。

最新一輪限制規定,美國晶片巨頭如Nvidia(輝達)同AMD,出口高性能處理器去中國之前,必須先申請特別許可證,原因係擔心呢啲產品可能被用於軍事或者超級電腦等敏感用途。

不過,有分析認為,呢種壓力反而會推動中國企業自力更生,變得更有競爭力。

「事實上,美國政府而家等於送咗一個大禮俾中國,助佢哋搞起屬於自己嘅晶片產業。」J Gold Associates首席分析師Jack Gold話。

「等到中國真係有競爭力嘅時候,佢哋會將產品賣去全世界,到時其他國家都會買中國晶片。」

美國企業面臨重大財務損失

根據本週監管文件,Nvidia表示,出口限制可能令公司損失高達55億美元(約458.7億港元)嘅銷售額。AMD亦估計,相關措施會令收入減少8億美元(約66.7億港元)。

Nvidia本來就專為中國市場設計咗H20晶片,性能經過精心調整,確保唔會違反美國早前嘅貿易規則。

但而家,連呢啲「度身訂造」嘅產品都要等美國政府批核先可以出貨。

AMD同樣受困於類似限制,佢哋為AI同遊戲應用設計嘅MI308 GPU系列都要申請許可證,公司更直言「無保證」可以獲批。

中國科技巨頭迎來機遇

專家認為,限制措施反而為華為等中國科技巨頭打開咗大門,令佢哋有機會加速主導半導體市場。

獨立科技分析師Rob Enderle話:「對中國嚟講,呢個真係天賜良機,可以全力發展自家微處理器業務。」

「美國等於用超高速方式,將微處理器同GPU主導權拱手讓人。」

中國本身已經大力投資半導體產業,家陣極有可能進一步加大資金同政策支持,縮細科技差距。

Jack Gold又指出:「全球經濟唔係咁玩嘅。你唔可以靠霸凌手段。呢啲關稅政策只會疏遠盟友,最後佢哋可能會轉向中國買晶片。」

戰略層面的憂慮

Nvidia行政總裁黃仁勳嘗試淡化影響,強調公司會繼續合規同推動技術創新。但部分分析師認為,今次事件只係更大規模地緊張局勢一部分。

Wedbush分析師Dan Ives話:「特朗普政府好清楚,推動AI革命嘅一間公司就係Nvidia,所以就喺中國面前豎起咗一塊『禁止進入』牌。」

Ives又警告,呢場衝突遠未完結:「雙方肯定會繼續出招。」

隨住美國企業準備面對出口損失,全球半導體競賽已經進入新而且充滿不確定性嘅階段——而中國,可能會加速追趕,唔係被拖慢。

編輯評論:美國「圍堵」戰術,反成中國半導體「催化劑」?

今次美國對中國晶片出口加強限制,表面上係要壓制中國高科技發展,阻止敏感技術流入潛在對手手中。但從歷史經驗睇,類似「技術封鎖」往往只會激發被針對國家嘅自主創新決心——八十年代美國圍堵日本半導體,結果日本反而培養咗自己嘅產業基礎。今次中國,國家資源、人才儲備同市場規模都遠超過去,政策一旦傾斜,勢必掀起半導體「國產替代」大潮。

對香港、甚至亞洲區科技產業來講,呢場「美中晶片戰」其實係一個雙刃劍。一方面,短期內美國技術優勢仍然存在,本地企業要靠攏美國陣營,或者會有技術合作機會;但長遠嚟講,若中國成功突破,美國企業喪失最大市場,全球供應鏈有機會重組,香港作為中外科技橋樑角色可能會被邊緣化。

最值得深思嘅係,美國一邊收緊出口,一邊又擔心盟友倒向中國。事實上,隨住技術全球化,單靠行政手段好難阻止創新擴散。與其「堵」,不如「疏」——與世界各地建立更開放、互信嘅科技合作關係,先至係長遠之計。

今次事件再次提醒我哋:技術競爭唔止係商業利害,更加係國際政治、經濟格局重塑嘅前哨戰。香港作為國際城市,如何利用自身優勢,在新一輪半導體競賽中搵到定位,值得每一位科技人深思。

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