美國SEC限制股東提案規則被法院駁回




美國聯邦法官駁回挑戰美國證監會加嚴股東提案規則的訴訟

(路透社)— 美國華盛頓特區聯邦地方法官雷吉·沃爾頓(Reggie Walton)於週四駁回了一宗針對美國證券交易委員會(SEC)規則修訂的訴訟。該規則修訂使股東在公司年度股東大會上提交提案變得更加困難,當中包括涉及環境、社會及管治(ESG)議題的改革提案。

沃爾頓法官在64頁的裁決書中表示,SEC並非任意或隨意地採納這些規則改動,反駁了訴訟方指稱SEC以支持企業反對氣候變化和工作場所多元化等具爭議性議題改革為藉口的說法。法官指出,SEC有責任評估這些改動是否「促進效率、競爭及資本形成」,而SEC確實完成了這項評估。

該規則於2020年11月通過,正值共和黨總統特朗普第一任期末期,規定股東提交提案前必須持有更多股份且持有時間更長,同時對過去三年內被否決的提案重新提交設置了額外要求。

2021年6月提起訴訟的原告包括代表逾300個信仰基礎機構投資者的跨信仰企業責任中心(Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility)、股東倡議組織As You Sow以及股東倡導者詹姆斯·麥克里奇(James McRitchie)。他們批評SEC在修訂規則前未能量化ESG及其他股東提案的益處,亦未評估新增限制將導致「數十億美元長期股東價值損失」。

訴訟被駁回後,原告發表聯合聲明指出,這些規則「只會傷害股東和公司雙方」。他們強調,儘管訴訟失敗,股東仍會繼續關注企業的環境及社會影響。

SEC方面未有回應評論。SEC在尋求駁回訴訟時表示,規則改動有助確保提案反映所有股東的利益,並使重新提交的提案能獲得「可能促使公司採取行動」的支持度。

SEC委員會以黨派投票3比2通過規則改動,共和黨委員佔多數。這些改動在民主黨總統拜登執政期間得到證監會的辯護,而美國商會亦支持SEC的立場。

本案編號為:Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility 等訴SEC,美國哥倫比亞特區聯邦地方法院,案號21-01620。

編輯評論與見解

這宗案件反映了美國政治與企業監管層面在ESG議題上的激烈拉鋸。SEC在共和黨主導下收緊股東提案門檻,表面上是為了提升提案的代表性與效率,但實質上也限制了股東,尤其是倡議環境和社會改革的股東,對企業施加壓力的能力。ESG議題日益受到全球關注,股東作為重要監督力量,其發聲空間被限制,或會削弱企業在可持續發展方面的進步。

另一方面,SEC強調規則改動是為了促進市場效率和資本形成,這反映出監管機構在平衡企業發展與股東權益間的困難。如何在保障股東能夠推動企業正面轉變與避免過度干擾公司運作之間找到平衡,是未來監管政策的重要挑戰。

此外,該案的黨派分歧亦顯示出美國在ESG立法和監管上的政治化趨勢。隨著ESG議題日益成為投資決策核心,政策制定者與監管機構必須超越黨派,建立更具包容性和科學依據的規則,才能真正助力可持續投資與企業責任的推進。

總結來說,這場訴訟的駁回是監管政策中的一場重要論戰,但ESG改革的推動不會因此止步。投資者和倡議者或將尋求其他途徑,繼續對企業施加影響,推動環境和社會目標的實現。這對香港及全球市場同樣具有啟示意義,尤其是在ESG投資日益普及的當下,監管框架如何設計,將直接影響市場的可持續發展走向。

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